The "B" vitamine is relatively easily absorbed by finely divided
precipitates. We have already referred to the use of fuller's earth for
this purpose by Seidell. This adsorptive power sometimes manifests itself
in the treatment of plant extracts. A watery extract of alfalfa can be
made to throw down its protein complex by diluting it to 40 per cent with
alcohol. Osborne reports however that this process frequently removes the
vitamine also which appears to be thrown down with the precipitated
material. This adsorptive power therefore often appears as a difficulty in
the handling of the substance as well as a means of extraction. We have
used Osborne's method with alfalfa extracts and find the above result is
not by any means invariable, for in some of our extracts we retained the
greater part of the vitamine. Kaolin and ordinary charcoal are not very
good adsorbents but the latter can be activated to serve this purpose.
The elementary nature of the "B" vitamine remains a mystery. Extracts
which contain it show the presence of nitrogen. Funk's earlier researches
on yeast and rice polishings both yielded crystalline complexes which he
analysed. His data on this subject follow:
_A. The yeast complex_
Crystals melting at 233°C. consisting of:
I. A complex melting at 229°C. and forming needles and prisms nearly
insoluble in water and with the apparent formula of C_24H_19O_2N_5.
II. A complex melting at 222°C. and soluble in water. Formula
C_29H_23O_2N_5.
III. Nicotinic acid melting at 235°C. C_6H_5O_2N.
_B. The rice complex_
Crystals melting at 233°C. consisting of:
I. A complex melting at 233°C. and with a formula of C_26H_20O_9N_4.
II. Nicotinic acid melting at 235°C. C_6H_5O_2N.
Funk held at the time that the possible nature of the compound was:
HN
| \
OC C_16H_18O_6
| /
HN
It was this idea that led him to call it an "amine."
We are unable at present to report any nearer approach to the elementary
analysis and all attempts at purification have shown a tendency to make
the active substance either disappear entirely or else distribute itself
over the several fractions instead of concentrating itself in one. Its
basic nature seems to be well established by its behavior with
phosphotungstic acid and its ready adsorption by carbons activated to take
up basic substances.
III. THE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF WATER-SOLUBLE "C"
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