=Béraud, J. B.= Author of “Manuel de physiologie,” Paris, 1853. Experiments on generative organs. =Bergeron, E. J.=, 75, Rue St. Lazare, Paris. M.D. Paris, 1866; Prof. Med. Fac. and Insp. of Lunatic Asylums for the Department of Seine, Knight of the Legion of Honour. Author of “Les Réactions physiologiques des Poisons,” Paris, 1836; “Sur l’existence normale du cuivre dans l’organisme,” Paris, 1873; “L’empoisonnement par la strychnine,” Paris, 1877, &c. At the age of 26, M. Bergeron was commissioned to undertake a long series of experiments in several poisoning cases. =Berlin, W.= (Dr.), Amsterdam University. =Bernard, Claude.= B. at St. Julien, Rhone, France, 1813; d. 1878. M.D. Paris, 1843; Pupil and Assistant to M. Majendie; Prof. of Medicine at Faculty of Science, Paris; Member of the Academy of Science; succeeded Majendie as Professor of Experimental Physiology at the College of France in 1855; Prof. Gen. Physiol. at Museum, 1868; Mem. Acad. Med., 1861; Pres. Biological Soc., 1867; Member of French Academy, 1869; Commander of the Legion of Honour, 1867. Member of the Institute of France. Author of “Leçons de physiologie expérimentale,” Paris, 1854-1855, 2 vols.; “Introduction à l’étude de la Médecine expérimentale,” Paris, 1855; “Leçons sur les effets des Substances toxiques et Médicamenteuses,” Paris, 1857; “Leçons sur la physiologie et la pathologie du système nerveux,” Paris, 1858; “Leçons sur les propriétés physiologiques et les altérations pathologiques des liquides de la l’organisme,” Paris, 1859; “Leçons de pathologie expérimentale,” Paris, 1871; “Leçons sur les anæsthétiques et sur l’asphyxie,” Paris, 1875; “Leçons sur la chaleur animale,” Paris, 1876; “Leçons sur le diabète et la glycogenèse animale,” Paris, 1877; “Leçons sur les phénomènes de la vie, etc.,” Paris, 1878; “La science expérimentale,” Paris, 1878. “A physiologist” (Bernard wrote) “is no ordinary man. He is a learned man, a man possessed and absorbed by a scientific idea. He does not hear the animals’ cries of pain. He is blind to the blood that flows. He sees nothing but his idea, and organisms which conceal from him the secrets he is resolved to discover.”--_Introd. à l’étude_, p. 180. Baked sixteen dogs and numerous rabbits in a stove. These animals, Bernard tells us (_Leçons sur la Chaleur Animale_, p. 347), survived respectively eight minutes, ten minutes, twenty-four minutes, and so on, according to the heat of the stove and according to the position of their heads within it, or outside of it. “It became impossible,” he says of them, “to count the pantings. At last the creature falls into convulsions and dies--uttering a cry.” “Our hands without doubt are empty at present, but our mouths may be full of legitimate promises for the future.”--_Sur le Diabète_, p. 43. =Bernstein, Jules= (Prof.) B. Berlin, 1839. Halle University. M.D. Berlin; Prof. extraordinary of Medicine, University of Berlin, 1871; Prof. extraordinary of Medicine at Halle, 1873.