Author of works on the Nervous System; “Herzstillstand durch Sympathicusreizung;” “Die fuenf Sinne des Menschen,” in “Internationale Wissenschaftliche Bibliothek,” Vol. XII., 1875; “Untersuchungen ueber den Erregungsvorgang im Nerven und Muskelsystem.” Heidelberg. Darmstadt, 1871. Has made a special study of the effects of electric currents on the nerves, and his work entitled “Untersuchungen ueber den Erregungsvorgang im Nerven und Muskelsystem,” is well known to physiologists. =Berruti, Giuseppe.= Author of “La Crania tornia nella practica ostretica,” Turin, 1876; with Perosini of “De l’ablation des capsules surrenales,” in _Gazette Hebdomadaire de Méd._, 1856, p. 863 et 924. Performed numerous experiments on Horses. =Bert, Paul=, 9, rue Guy-de-la-Brosse, Paris. M.D., Paris, 1863; Prof. Physiol. Fac. Sci. at Bordeaux, 1869; obtained the Prize of 20,000 francs from the Academy of Science for his work on “La Pression Barométrique” in 1875; President Biol. Soc.; Senator and Minister of Public Worship for France, under the Presidency of M. Gambetta. Author of “Notes d’Anatomie et de Physiologie comparées,” 1867; “La Pression Barométrique,” 1877; Contrib. Scientific Articles to “La République Française.” “He thought it would be interesting to experiment upon newborn animals (cats), which, it is well known, he tells us, resist asphyxia much longer than full grown ones. (P. 571.) From his apparatus for keeping animals in compressed oxygen he draws a dog in full convulsions, strong enough to enable him to carry it by one paw, like a bit of wood. (P. 784.) The attacks of convulsions, under strong tension of oxygen, are, he says, really curious and startling.” (P. 799.)--_Pression Barométrique._ “In this experiment a dog was first rendered helpless and incapable of any movement, even of breathing, which function was performed by a machine blowing through a hole in its windpipe.” All this time, however, “its intelligence, its sensitiveness, and its will, remained intact,” “a condition accompanied by the most atrocious sufferings that the imagination of man can conceive.” (_Vide_ Claude Bernard in _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 1st September, 1864, pp. 173, 182, 183, &c.) “In this condition, the side of the face, the side of the neck, the side of the fore-leg, interior of the belly and the hip, were dissected out in order to lay bare respectively the sciatic, the splanchnics, the median, the pneumo-gastric and sympathetic, and the infra-orbital nerves. These were excited by electricity for ten consecutive hours, during which time the animal must have suffered unutterable torment, unrelieved even by a cry. The inquisitors then left for their homes, leaving the tortured victim alone with the engine working upon it, till death came in the silence of the night and set the sufferer free.” (Roy. Com., Q. 4,111.)--_Archives de Physiologie_, Vol. II., 1869, p. 650. =Betz, Fr. Hugo.= M.D.; Surgeon in practice in Schönan, Silesia, 1877.