The Wampanoags in the seventeenth century : $b An ethnohistorical surveyMarten, Catherine
History
The Wampanoags in the seventeenth century : $b An ethnohistorical survey
Marten, Catherine
Indians of North America -- New England -- History -- 17th century; Wampanoag Indians
The other time of general public congregation was in the fall at
harvest time. A dance house was built for the occasion. Dances were
held at night, sometimes continuing for a week with the participants
sleeping during the daytime. Both men and women gathered as
spectators in the dance house; they sang accompaniment while the
dancers performed one at a time. As he danced, the dancer would hand
out money, knives, clothing, and the like to the needier members of
the audience. When one dancer had given all he had, another would
follow him, and so on.
Besides the great public gatherings, there were smaller private
gatherings for various purposes.[380] One sort, to be discussed
later, was to call for supernatural aid. Another was the Nikomo
feast, held in the winter by members of a family for a select group
of guests.[381] The host would give away as much of his wealth as he
could to those who attended the feasting and dancing.[382]
Another favorite type of entertainment was story-telling and oratory.
People listened with rapt attention to news and speeches. The
discourse of one man might go on for an hour or two, while a large
audience listened and smoked in silence; the manner of presentation
was dramatic and accompanied by a great deal of gesture.[383]
The music which accompanied dances was provided mainly by
singing.[384] Sometimes dances were accompanied by beating on the
ground with sticks or hands along with muttering, humming and
singing, but aside from these there were no musical instruments among
the Wampanoags.[385]
The dances themselves are described as being “vehement in their
motion”. At some dances a single dancer would perform; at others
a few men and women would dance together.[386] Larger numbers of
performers participated simultaneously in war dances.
PROPERTY
Adapted as they were to a mobile existence, the Wampanoags did not
own large numbers of personal possessions judged by our standards. A
typical list of an individual’s possessions would probably include
his clothing, whatever tools he used from day to day, and his
“wealth” in the form of wampum, skins, and the like. Even adding
in such personal possessions as pipes and jewelry, the amount of
property in this class would not have been large. At least some of
this property was buried with its owner at his death.[387]
Land and the right to use it was apparently owned by the sachem.
The boundaries of territory owned by a particular sachem were well
defined, and from this land he allotted certain parts of it to his
followers for their use. Not much is known, however, of the basis of
land allotment.[388]
The sachem retained certain rights over the land used by his
followers. When a deer was shot in his territory he was due the
forequarters. He was also to be given the skins of deer taken in
water that was in his territory. An annual tribute of food was given
him by all the people, in return for, among other things, the use of
his property.[389]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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