The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip IIThompson, James Westfall
History
The Wars of Religion in France 1559-1576: The Huguenots, Catherine de Medici and Philip II
Thompson, James Westfall
France -- History -- Wars of the Huguenots, 1562-1598; Sainte Ligue (1576-1593)
It is evident from the careful reading of these documents that the real
triumph at Bayonne was scored by the papacy; that Spain won a sterile
victory, and France met an indecisive defeat. Spain and France, being
unable to carry their own purpose through as each desired, compromised
on a course which was an intermediate plane of agreement to them, but
which, _according to the letter_, was a supreme triumph for Rome, and
would have been a complete victory for Rome _if the terms had ever been
executed_. The man of the hour was the cardinal Santa Croce, nuncio in
France. His services are thus reported by the Venetian ambassador in
France on July 2:
On the eve of departure, the queen, perceiving the discontent of the
duke of Alva, summoned the nuncio, who was not far away, to Bayonne,
in order to have him at hand. It is he who has found a solution; he
has satisfied both parties. I shall be able to inform you shortly as
to the nature of his solution.[977]
Three weeks later (July 22) the promised word was sent to Venice in
the form of a cipher dispatch,[978] the information in which had been
communicated to him in strictest secrecy.[979] This intensely important
document reads as follows:
Now that I have received positive information, I shall tell everything
to your Signory that has happened. Since his arrival, the duke of Alva
has not ceased to urge the queen to give his master a manifestation of
her good will toward the cause of religion by some manifest act, and
he had urged her to cause the decisions of the Council of Trent to be
observed throughout the whole realm of France, for which his Catholic
majesty would show his satisfaction. The queen had yielded readily
to this proposition and had told him that she was very inclined to
convene an assembly of prelates, of theologians, and savants, to
examine the decisions made at Trent, _without occupying themselves
with doctrine_, but confining themselves to the reform of abuses. The
duke had found this offer strange and had not concealed his discontent
over it. According to him, this was to oppose a council to a council,
which would be the worst of results and mightily displease the king
his master. Since he urged the necessity of this measure, before
passing to any other consideration, and was so obdurate, the queen,
being very pained to see him depart so unsatisfied, and things being
so desperate, notified the nuncio, who was not lodged at Bayonne
like all the ambassadors, and ordered the _mareschal de logis_ of
the palace to prepare accommodation for him and to have him come
immediately. He came at once and being informed by the queen, went to
find the duke, but was very badly received by him. The duke blamed
and reproached him for not remaining firm in his opinion. The queen
holding to the idea of this assembly of prelates and theologians, and
the duke opposing it, the nuncio found another expedient which seemed
to give satisfaction to all.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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