The Water-Colours of J. M. W. TurnerFinberg, A. J. (Alexander Joseph)
General
The Water-Colours of J. M. W. Turner
Finberg, A. J. (Alexander Joseph)
Turner, J. M. W. (Joseph Mallord William), 1775-1851; Watercolor painting, British
From 1793 to 1796 Turner’s advance in power was steady. His subjects
were varied--English and Welsh cathedrals, old castles, ruined abbeys,
village churches, country towns, waterfalls and trout streams--the
latter generally with a bridge and always with an angler. He was himself
a keen fisherman, and his anglers’ attitudes are always carefully drawn
and at once recognisable. Occasionally some striking atmospheric effect,
seen probably on the spot, is introduced. Sometimes the picture is
strikingly enhanced by the play of sunlight, occasionally by boldly
treated _chiaroscuro_. The architecture is invariably drawn with
accuracy and taste, both as regards perspective and detail. His
colouring was a dainty harmony of broken tints in pale blues, greens,
browns, and neutral greys. Many good drawings of this time are in
private collections, and the Print Room of the British Museum contains
some fine examples which have been preserved from light, and are
consequently in perfect, unfaded condition--notably _Lincoln and
Worcester Cathedrals_, and _Tintern Abbey_. Most of the English
cathedrals were drawn by him between 1793 and 1796, including, in
addition to the two just named, Canterbury, Ely, Peterborough,
Rochester, Salisbury, and York; as well as Bath, Kirkstall, Malmesbury,
Malvern, Tintern, Ewenny, Llanthony, Waltham and many other abbeys,
together with castles innumerable--all in the delicate, “tinted manner.”
He also made a large number of studies of boats and shipping at Dover,
one of which is reproduced here (Plate IV.). It was probably there and
at Margate that he laid the foundation of the extraordinarily accurate
knowledge of everything connected with the sea and shipping which
distinguished him all his life.
His works of this early period are usually signed. The earliest
signature known to me is the one alluded to on page 5, “W. Turner,
1786.” For the next few years he signed either simply “Turner,” or
oftener “W. Turner,” occasionally adding the date. In 1799, when he was
elected an Associate of the Royal Academy, he changed to “W. Turner,
A.R.A.,” and in 1802, on receiving the honour of full membership, he
became “J. M. W. Turner, R.A.” A few years later he was appointed
Professor of Perspective to the Royal Academy, and much to the
amusement of his fellow academicians he now sometimes added “P.P.” In
the works of his later life, it is the exception to find any signature.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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