The Ways of a Worker of a Century Ago: as Shown by the Diary of Joseph Lye, ShoemakerGannon, Fred A.
History
The Ways of a Worker of a Century Ago: as Shown by the Diary of Joseph Lye, Shoemaker
Gannon, Fred A.
Labor -- United States; Lye, Joseph, 1792-1834; Lynn (Mass.); Working class -- United States
“Tuesday, Nov. 25. Made 3 pairs of shoes at 40 cents. Assisted in
throwing up shop wood. Pleasant and cold.”
His earnings for that day were $1.20. Besides, he made fuel ready for
the winter. The fuel was from the wood lot on the Lye farm. The labor
of gathering it was its chief cost. He never dreamed of a time when a
fuel administrator would limit supplies of fuel to people.
“Wed., Nov. 26. Made two pairs of village walking boots at 45 cents;
two pairs military at 40 cents. Weather continues clear and pretty
cold.”
His earnings for this day were $1.70. Business was brisk with him.
Clear cold weather must have started people buying winter footwear.
“Friday, Nov. 28. Hauled the boat Ann into winter quarters, stripped
her. Assisted Amos Tapley to get his boards in. Waited some time for
shoes. Made one pair at 45 cents. Weather warm and cloudy.”
His earnings this day from shoemaking were but 45 cents. Whether Amos
Tapley paid him for getting in boards, or whether he just helped in a
neighborly way is a matter he does not make clear in his diary. The
ship Ann belonged to him. So he had no pay for his work on it.
“Saturday, Nov. 29. Made 2 pairs of shoes at 45 cents. This week’s work
comes to $5.87 exclusive of other work.”
Five dollars and 87 cents for a week’s work in shoemaking! Some
shoemakers earn that in a day these times. It was a normal week’s wage
for Lye. The next Saturday he records: “This week’s work amount to
$5.40.” It was less than $1 a day. Small pay that seems. But $1 went
a lot farther then than these days. Lye’s costs of living were low.
He farmed and fished and produced much of his own food stuffs, and
gathered his own fuel. His “humble joys” were by no means expensive. He
speaks of taking a book of sermons from the library, of going to camp
meeting, and of walking to Boston to attend a theatre. Nothing very
expensive in these.
Lye speaks of earning $5.87 “exclusive of other work.” Evidently he had
some source of income besides his pay for making shoes. Perhaps Amos
Tapley paid him for helping to get in his boards. Later he “assisted
Amos Tapley to repair wood shop.” And Saturday, Jan. 3, he records that
“Hugh Floyd and his boy Isaac moved into our shop.” Doubtless they paid
rent and he had an income as a landlord.
His ventures in fishing paid him well. He records:
“Friday, Sept. 2. Caught 750 fish about two miles southeast of Nahant.”
A great haul that was. Plenty of food. Yet not much money, for fish was
cheap, selling at six cents a pound, or thereabouts. He followed up
fishing during the summer season. In addition to the profits from it
he had a bounty of $35 for engaging in the codfish industry for four
months. He records that to collect that bounty he “went on foot to
Marblehead.”
[Illustration: INSIDE THE TAPLEY OR LYE SHOE SHOP OF A CENTURY AGO]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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