Several astronomers are working on the problem of locating this
undiscovered body. At various times it has been announced that such
a planet would probably be found in a certain position in the skies
at a specified date; but as yet no one has been able to get a view
of it. Recently the orbit of a far-off hypothetical planet has been
calculated, and its place predicted for 1914. Perhaps it may be found
then. Of course it could never be seen through any but the most
powerful telescopes. Its calculated distance from the sun is one
hundred and five times that of the earth. This would be more than nine
billions of miles, or more than three times farther than Neptune is
from the sun. It would require fourteen hours for light to pass from
the sun to a planet at that distance, and the sun would appear to it
smaller than Saturn or an ordinary first-magnitude star does to us.
A further reason for suspecting the existence of such a planet is
suggested by the orbits of certain comets. These erratic bodies,
when they chance to come within the bounds of the solar system, are
sometimes forced to remain because of the powerful influence of one of
the planets near which their path has taken them. Jupiter holds as many
as thirty of them in this way, Saturn and Uranus have two or three, and
Neptune has captured as many as six. But there are still others that
return to us in regular periods, but which go sufficiently far beyond
Neptune to escape entirely if there were not some still more distant
watch-dog to turn them back. So there seems good reason to believe that
Neptune is not really the outermost of the planets.
There has also been much said about the possibility of a planet nearer
to the sun than Mercury. When Mercury is at perihelion, or nearest to
the sun, there are certain irregularities in his movements which might
be explained by the presence of another planet between Mercury and the
sun. In 1859 it was thought that such a planet had been observed. Its
time of revolution and its distance from the sun were estimated, and
it was named Vulcan. In some of the books of astronomy published about
that time, and even in some published as many as fifteen years later,
Vulcan is mentioned as a reality. But now it is believed that the
observation was a mistake, and no such body is known to exist.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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