Great Britain -- History -- Anglo-Saxon period, 449-1066 -- Sources
GENEAT’S duty is manifold according to the custom of the estate. On some
he must furnish rent and a grass-swine every year, and must ride and
carry, and lead loads, labour, and entertain his lord, and reap and mow,
trim the deer-hedge, and keep it firm, build and hedge the burh, bring
strange comers to the tun, pay church-scot and alms fee, keep watch by
his lord, and horse-ward, go errands far or near, wherever he is
ordered.
COTSETLA’S duty, according to the custom of the estate. On some he must
every Monday of the year work for his lord, and 3 days every week at
harvest, nor ought he to pay rent. It pertains to him to occupy 5 acres;
more, if it be the custom on the estate; and it is too little, if it
were any less in amount, since his work must be frequent. Let him pay
his hearth-penny on Holy Thursday, as pertains to every freeman. And let
him represent his lord’s demesne if he is ordered, in seaward, and at
the king’s deer-hedge, and at such things as his position requires. And
let him pay his church-scot at Martinmas.
GEBUR’S duties are manifold, in some places they are heavy, and in some
places moderate. On some estates he must work at weekwork two days such
work as is ordered for him every week of the year, and at harvest three
days at week-work, and from Candlemas to Easter three. If he is
carrying, he need not work while his horse is abroad. He must pay on
Michaelmas day 10 rent-pennies, and on Martinmas day 24d., a sester of
barley, and 2 hen-fowls; at Easter a young sheep or two pennies. And he
must lie from Martinmas to Easter at the lord’s fold, as often as it
falls to his share. And from the time of the first ploughing until
Martinmas he must every week plough 1 acre, and himself get the seed
from the lord’s barn. In addition to them 3 acres as a boon and 2 acres
in return for hay; if he needs more hay, he must earn it by ploughing as
he is allowed. He ploughs 3 acres as his rent-ploughing, and sows of his
own barn, and pays his hearth-penny. Two and two feed one deerhound. And
every gebur pays 6 loaves to the swineherd of the demesne when he drives
his herd to mast-pasture. On the estate where this plan exists it
pertains to the gebur that he is given for the stocking of his land 2
oxen and 1 cow and 6 sheep and 7 acres of sown land on his yard-land.
And so after that year let him do all the duties that pertain to him,
and let him be given tools for his work and utensils for his house. When
he dies what he leaves pertains to the care of his lord.
This land-law exists on some estates. In some places it is, as I said
before, heavier, and in some places lighter, since all land-customs are
not alike. On some estates the gebur must pay honey-rent, on some
food-rent, on some ale-rent. Let him who holds the office of steward
take heed that he aye know what are the old land-customs and what the
custom of the people.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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