Note: Project Gutenberg also has an HTML version of this file which includes the original illustrations. See 14834-h.htm or 14834-h.zip: (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/4/8/3/14834/14834-h/14834-h.htm) or (https://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/1/4/8/3/14834/14834-h.zip) THE WHENCE AND THE WHITHER OF MAN A Brief History of His Origin and Development through Conformity to Environment Being the Morse Lectures of 1895 by JOHN M. TYLER Professor of Biology, Amherst College New York Charles Scribner's Sons 1896 Morse Lectures 1893--THE PLACE OF CHRIST IN MODERN THEOLOGY. By Rev. A.M. Fairbairn, D.D. 8vo, $2.50 1894--THE RELIGIONS OF JAPAN. By Rev. William Elliot Griffis, D.D. 12mo, $2.00. 1895--THE WHENCE AND THE WHITHER OF MAN. By Professor John M. Tyler. 12mo, $1.75. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I THE PROBLEM: THE MODE OF ITS SOLUTION The question.--The two theories of man's origin.--The argument purely historical.--Means of tracing man's ancestry and history.--Classification.--Ontogenesis and Phylogenesis. CHAPTER II PROTOZOA TO WORMS: CELLS, TISSUES, AND ORGANS Amoeba: Its anatomy and physiology.--Development of the cell.--Hydra: The development of digestive and reproductive organs, and of tissues.--Forms intermediate between amoeba and hydra: Magosphæra, volvox.--Embryonic development.--Turbellaria: Appearance of a body wall, of ganglion, and nerve-cords. CHAPTER III WORMS TO VERTEBRATES: SKELETON AND HEAD Worms and the development of organs.--Mollusks: The external protective skeleton leads to degeneration or stagnation.--Annelids and arthropods: The external locomotive skeleton leads to temporary rapid advance, but fails of the goal.--Its disadvantages.--Vertebrates: The internal locomotive skeleton leads to backbone and brain.--Reasons for their dominance.--The primitive vertebrate. CHAPTER IV VERTEBRATES: BACKBONE AND BRAIN The advance of vertebrates from fish through amphibia and reptiles to mammals.--The development of skeleton, appendages, circulatory and respiratory systems, and brain.--Mammals: The oviparous monotremata.--Marsupials.--Placental mammals.--Development of the placenta.--Primates.--Arboreal life and the development of the hand.--Comparison of man with the highest apes.--Recapitulation of the history of man's origin and development.--The sequence of dominant functions. CHAPTER V THE HISTORY OF MENTAL DEVELOPMENT AND ITS SEQUENCE OF FUNCTIONS