The Wigmaker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: An Account of His Barbering, Hair-dressing, & Peruke-Making Services, & Some Remarks on Wigs of Various Styles.Bullock, Thomas K.
History
The Wigmaker in Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg: An Account of His Barbering, Hair-dressing, & Peruke-Making Services, & Some Remarks on Wigs of Various Styles.
Bullock, Thomas K.
Wigmakers; Wigs -- History
Finnie’s mention of imported materials was typical. Time and again the
announcements of Williamsburg wigmakers contain phrases such as “Just
arrived, a choice Parcel of Hairs, prepared by the best Hands in
London,” or “A Fresh Cargoe of live human Hairs, already curl’d and well
prepared.” By far the larger portion of hair used in Williamsburg-made
wigs was imported from England, either by the perukemaker himself or by
colonial hair merchants.
According to Diderot’s _Encyclopedia_, hair from regions such as
Flanders, where beer and cider were the common beverages, made superior
wigs; women’s hair was better than men’s; country women’s better than
city women’s; and chestnut was the most desirable color—except that
white wigs should be made of hair that once had been black. Furthermore,
avowed the same authority, “In general the hair of persons not given to
excesses lasts a long time, while that of men who live in sexual
debauchery, or of women who give themselves to the uses of men, has less
sap, dries out, and loses its quality.”
If colonial wigmakers were aware of this dictum—which seems
unlikely—they paid it no attention, buying hair from abroad with never a
query as to the personal habits of the original wearers, and showing
similar indifference in purchasing local locks:
THE subscriber proposes purchasing Hair for Wigs, and hopes he will
soon be able to supply wigmakers with that article, of different
kinds. He is in want of a quantity of human hair, both long and short,
of any colour, for which he will give one shilling per ounce, or more,
according to the quality. Apply to Mr. _James Nichols_, barber in
_Williamsburg_, who will receive it and pay the money, or to me in
_Petersburg_.
George Long.
_COLONIAL CLIENTELE_
A few of the Williamsburg barbers and perukemakers advertised their
readiness to dress ladies’ hair, and Charlton regularly made “curls” for
his customers’ wives. But most seem to have confined themselves
wholly—or almost so—to barbering and bewigging male clients.
These clients were either town dwellers or members of the plantation
gentry, who were the colony’s economic, political, and social elite. Of
every hundred Virginians, eighty or more were small farmers or farm
workers and did not own wigs. Devereaux Jarratt, the son of a poor but
industrious farmer near Williamsburg, recalled later in life in his
memoirs:
A _periwig_, in those days, was a distinguishing badge of _gentle
folk_—and when I saw a man riding the road, near our house, with a wig
on, it would so alarm my fears, and give me such a disagreeable
feeling, that, I dare say, I would run off, as for my life.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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