The Winning of Canada: a Chronicle of Wolfe — John Shaqi
The Winning of Canada: a Chronicle of WolfeWood, William
History
The Winning of Canada: a Chronicle of Wolfe
Wood, William
United States -- History -- French and Indian War, 1754-1763; Wolfe, James, 1727-1759
Wolfe was a very angry and disgusted man. Yet, though this joint
expedition was a disgraceful failure, he had learned some useful
lessons, which he was presently to turn to good account. He saw, at
least, what such expeditions should not attempt; and that a general
should act boldly, though wisely, with the fleet. More than this, he had
himself made a plan which his generals were too timid to carry out; and
this plan was so good that Pitt, now in supreme control for the next
four years, made a note of it and marked him down for promotion and
command.
Both came sooner than any one could have expected. Pitt was sick of
fleets and armies that did nothing but hold councils of war and then
come back to say that the enemy could not be safely attacked. He made up
his mind to send out real fighters with the next joint expedition. So
in 1758 he appointed Wolfe as the junior of the three brigadier-generals
under Amherst, who was to join Admiral Boscawen--nicknamed 'Old
Dreadnought'--in a great expedition meant to take Louisbourg for good
and all.
Louisbourg was the greatest fortress in America. It was in the
extreme east of Canada, on the island of Cape Breton, near the best
fishing-grounds, and on the flank of the ship channel into the St
Lawrence. A fortress there, in which French fleets could shelter safely,
was like a shield for New France and a sword against New England. In
1745, just before the outbreak of the Jacobite rebellion in Scotland, an
army of New Englanders under Sir William Pepperrell, with the assistance
of Commodore Warren's fleet, had taken this fortress. But at the peace
of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748, when Wolfe had just come of age, it was
given back to France.
Ten years later, when Wolfe went out to join the second army that was
sent against it, the situation was extremely critical. Both French and
British strained every nerve, the one to hold, the other to take, the
greatest fortress in America. A French fleet sailed from Brest in
the spring and arrived safely. But it was not nearly strong enough to
attempt a sea-fight off Louisbourg, and three smaller fleets that were
meant to join it were all smashed up off the coast of France by the
British, who thus knew, before beginning the siege, that Louisbourg
could hardly expect any help from outside. Hawke was one of the British
smashers this year. The next year he smashed up a much greater force in
Quiberon Bay, and so made 'the eye of a Hawke and the heart of a Wolfe'
work together again, though they were thousands of miles apart and one
directed a fleet while the other inspired an army.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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