The Winter Solstice Altars at Hano PuebloFewkes, Jesse Walter
Religion
The Winter Solstice Altars at Hano Pueblo
Fewkes, Jesse Walter
Hopi Indians -- Religion; Indian mythology -- North America; Indians of North America -- Arizona
Pocine, chief of the _Tewakiva_, belongs to the _Nañ-towa_, or Sand
clan, and is the elder son of Pocilipobi. Puñsauwi, his uncle, is
Pocilipobi's brother. As the _kimoñwi_ or village chief of the Tewa
colonists, when they came into Tusayan, belonged to the Sand clan, we
may suppose this altar to be hereditary in this family.
Anote, the chief of the _Moñkiva_ of Hano, is the oldest man of the
_Sa-towa_ or Tobacco clan. Satele, who assisted him in making the
altar, is a member of the _Ke_ or Bear clan. Patuñtupi, who was
present when the altar was made at Hano, belongs to the _Kolon_ or
Corn clan.
THE WINTER SOLSTICE CEREMONY
The _Tûñtai_ or _Soyaluña_ ceremony of the East Mesa in 1898 extended
from December 9th to the 19th inclusive, and the days were designated
as follows:
9th, _Tcotcoñyuñya_ (_Tcotcoñya_), Smoke assembly.
10th, _Tceele tcalauûh_, Announcement.
11th, _Cüs-tala_, First day.
12th, _Lüc-tala_, Second day.
13th, _Paic-tala_, Third day.
14th, _Yuñya_, Assemblage.
15th, _Sockahimû_.
16th, _Komoktotokya_.
17th, _Totokya_, _Totokpee_.
18th, _Pegumnove_.
19th, _Navotcine_.
The active secret ceremonies began on the 14th and extended to the
19th. _Yuñya_ was the day on which the Walpi chiefs entered their
kivas, and _Totokya_ that on which the most important secret rites
were performed.
_Tcotcoñyuñya_, Smoke assembly. The time of the Soyaluña is fixed by
Kwatcakwa, Sun-priest of the _Patki_ clan, who determines the winter
solstice by means of observations of sunset on the horizon, as
elsewhere described. The Smoke assemblage at Walpi occurred after
sunset on December 9th, in the house of Anwuci's wife, adjoining the
_Moñkiva_, and was attended by Supela, Kwatcakwa, Sakwistiwa, Kwaa,
and Anawita, all chiefs belonging to the _Patki_ clan. The Smoke
assemblage at Hano, preliminary to the _Tûñtai_, was also held after
sunset on December 9th, and was attended by the following chiefs:
Anote (Tem[)e]), _Sa-towa_; Satele, _Ke-towa_; Pocine (Koye),
_Nañ-towa_; Patuñtupi, _Kolon-towa_.
There was no formal notification of _Tûñtai_ from the housetops of
Hano on the following morning, the _Soyaluña_ announcement from Walpi
serving all three pueblos on the East Mesa.
The formal announcement was made by Kopeli at daybreak of December
10th. Hoñyi, the regular _tcakmoñwi_, or town-crier, was snowbound at
Keam's Canyon, and consequently was unable to perform this function.
The Smoke assemblage and its formal announcement at daybreak on the
following morning have been observed in the Snake dance, and in the
Flute, New-fire, and _Soyaluña_ ceremonies; it probably occurs also in
the _Lalakoñti_ and _Mamzrauti_. It takes place several days before
the Assembly day, when the chief enters the kiva and sets his _natci_
or standard on the kiva hatch to announce that he has begun the
ceremonies.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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