The Witch-cult in Western Europe: A Study in AnthropologyMurray, Margaret Alice
Religion
The Witch-cult in Western Europe: A Study in Anthropology
Murray, Margaret Alice
Ethnology; Witchcraft -- Great Britain
Prohibition of offerings to devils; of witchcraft; of auguries according to
the methods of the heathen; of vows paid, loosed, or confirmed at wells,
stones, or trees; of the gathering of herbs with any incantation except
Christian prayers.
_The Law of the Northumbrian priests._[10]
'If then anyone be found that shall henceforth practise any
heathenship, either by sacrifice or by "fyrt", or in any way love
witchcraft, or worship idols, if he be a king's thane, let him pay X
half-marks; half to Christ, half to the king. We are all to love and
worship one God, and strictly hold one Christianity, and totally
renounce all heathenship.'
9th cent. _Decree attributed to a General Council of Ancyra._[11]
'Certain wicked women, reverting to Satan, and seduced by the
illusions and phantasms of demons, believe and profess that they ride
at night with Diana on certain beasts, with an innumerable multitude
of women, passing over immense distances, obeying her commands as
their mistress, and evoked by her on certain nights.'
10th cent. _Laws of Edward and Guthrum._[12] After 901.
'If anyone violate christianity, or reverence heathenism, by word or
by work, let him pay as well _wer_, as _wite_ or _lah-slit_, according
as the deed may be.'
_Laws of King Athelstan_,[13] 924-940.
'We have ordained respecting witchcrafts, and _lyblacs_, and
_morthdaeds_: if anyone should be thereby killed, and he could not
deny it, that he be liable in his life. But if he will deny it, and at
the threefold ordeal shall be guilty; that he be cxx days in prison.'
_Ecclesiastical canons of King Edgar_,[14] 959.
'We enjoin, that every priest zealously promote Christianity, and
totally extinguish every heathenism; and forbid well worshipings, and
necromancies, and divinations, and enchantments, and man worshipings,
and the vain practices which are carried on with various spells, and
with "frithsplots",[15] and with elders, and also with various other
trees, and with stones, and with many various delusions, with which
men do much of what they should not.—And we enjoin, that every
Christian man zealously accustom his children to Christianity, and
teach them the Paternoster and the Creed. And we enjoin, that on feast
days heathen songs and devil's games be abstained from.'
_Laws of King Ethelred_,[16] 978-1016.
'Let every Christian man do as is needful to him; let him strictly
keep his Christianity.... Let us zealously venerate right
Christianity, and totally despise every heathenism.'
11th cent. _Laws of King Cnut_,[17] 1017-1035.
'We earnestly forbid every heathenism: heathenism is, that men worship
idols; that is, that they worship heathen gods, and the sun or the
moon, fire or rivers, water-wells or stones, or forest trees of any
kind; or love witchcraft, or promote _morth-work_ in any wise.'
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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