MONISTIC THEORY OF LIFE │ DUALISTIC THEORY OF LIFE (Biophysics) │ (Vitalism) │ 1. The phenomena of life are │ 1. The phenomena of life are merely functions of plasm, │ wholly or partly independent determined by the physical, │ of the plasm, and chemical, and morphological │ determined by a special character of the │ immaterial force, the vital living matter. │ force (_vis vitalis_). │ 2. The energy of the plasm (as │ 2. The energy of the plasm is the sum-total of the forces │ wholly or partly subject which are connected with │ to the immaterial vital the living matter) is subject │ force, which controls and to the general laws of │ directs the physical and physics and chemistry. │ chemical forces of the │ living matter. │ 3. The obvious regularity of the │ 3. The general regularity in the vital processes and the │ organization and in the organization they produce │ vital processes it accomplishes are the outcome of natural │ is the outcome of evolution; their physiological │ conscious creation; it can factors (heredity │ only be explained by intelligent and adaptation) are subject │ immaterial forces to the law of substance. │ which are not subject to │ the law of substance. │ 4. All the various functions │ 4. All the various functions of have thus been mechanically │ organisms have been produced produced, orderly │ by design, the structures having been │ historical evolution (or created by adaptation and │ phyletic transformation) transmitted to posterity │ being directed to a preconceived by heredity. │ ideal end. │ 5. Nutrition is a physico-chemical │ 5. Nutrition is an inexplicable process, the metabolism │ miracle of life, and cannot of which has an │ be understood by chemical analogy in inorganic catalysis. │ and physical processes. │ 6. Reproduction is a mechanical │ 6. Reproduction is an inexplicable consequence of transgressive │ miracle of life, growth, analogous │ without any analogy in to the elective multiplication │ inorganic nature. of crystals. │ │ 7. The movement of organisms │ 7. The movement of organisms is, in every form, not │ is an inexplicable metaphysical essentially different from │ miracle of life,