The Works of Lucian of Samosata — Volume 04Lucian, of Samosata
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The Works of Lucian of Samosata — Volume 04
Lucian, of Samosata
Lucian, of Samosata -- Translations into English
_Ly._ Good gracious, no; it would take us till midnight. No; you can
look those out for yourself. Meanwhile, we had better take fresh ones,
as we have only a quarter of an hour (by the way, never pronounce the
'h' in hour; that sounds dreadful). Then as to that outrage which
you say I have committed upon you; if I were to speak of an outrage
committed _against_ you, that would be another thing.
_Pur._ Would it?
_Ly._ Yes; an outrage _upon_ you must be committed upon you personally,
in the shape of blows, interference with your liberty, or the like.
An outrage _against_ you is upon something that belongs to you; he
who does an outrage upon your wife, child, friend, or slave, does it
against you. This distinction, however, does not apply to inanimate
things. An 'outrage against' is a legitimate phrase with them, as when
Plato talks in the _Symposium_ of an outrage against a proverb.
_Pur._ Ah, I see now.
_Ly._ Do you also see that the exchange of one for the other is a
solecism?
_Pur._ Yes, I shall know that for the future.
_Ly._ And if a person were to use 'interchange' there instead of
'exchange,' what would you take him to mean?
_Pur._ Just the same.
_Ly._ Why, how can they be equivalent? Exchange is merely the
substitution of one expression for another, the improper for the
proper; whereas interchange involves a false statement[27].
_Pur._ I see now; exchange is the use of a loose instead of a precise
expression, while interchange is the use of both expressions, each in
the other's place.
_Ly._ These subtleties are not unpleasing. Similarly, when we are
concerned _with_ a person, it is in our own interest; but when we are
concerned _for_ him, it is in his. It is true the phrases are sometimes
confused, but there are those who observe the distinction; and it is as
well to be on the safe side.
_Pur._ Quite true.
_Ly._ Now, can you tell me the difference between 'setting' and
'sitting,' or between 'be seated' and 'sit'?
_Pur._ No; but I have heard you say that 'sit yourself' is a barbarism.
_Ly._ Yes, quite so; but now I tell you that 'be seated' is not the
same as 'sit.'
_Pur._ Why, what may the difference be?
_Ly._ When a man is on his legs, you can only tell him to be seated;
but if he is seated already, you can tell him to sit still.
Sit where thou art; we find us seats elsewhere. It means 'remain
sitting,' you see. Here again we have to say that it is a mistake to
reverse the expressions. And as to 'set' and 'sit,' surely it is the
whole difference between transitive and intransitive?
_Pur._ That is clear enough; go on; this is the way to teach.
_Ly._ Or the only way you can learn? Well, do you know what a historian
is?
(_The explanation of this point appears to have dropped out of the
MSS.--Translators._)
_Pur._ Oh, yes, I quite see, after your lucid explanation.
_Ly._ Now I daresay you think servility and servitude are the same; but
I am aware of a considerable difference between them.
_Pur._ Namely--?
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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