Without a supreme controlling body there must be something to substitute in moral effect. There has existed a something which has been one influence to prevent nations from being always at war, when their individual advancement was opposed. Dread; a greater controlling power than fear. Dread of devastation; dread of wanton destruction; dread of extermination. War is undertaken by a weaker power only when the alternative is dread of something even greater than devastation or wanton destruction—dread of extermination. But the dread of war has ceased to prevent war; because the horrors of war had lost their vividness. That universal peace will some day reign supreme must be accepted by all who believe in a progressive civilization. This includes all the thinking world. If there is to be universal peace, and if it is not to come through a consolidation of all nations, which is extremely improbable, then it must come from some controlling feeling, which will in itself create the administrative branch of the Supreme Court of International Justice. The police force to compel observance with the decrees of this Supreme Court will be incorporeal: It will be Dread. There never will be established an international corporeal force capable of enforcing the obedience to the decrees of this Court. That means the establishment of a war force to prevent war; it is foolish in its conception. The power against which a decree is to be enforced will withdraw its representatives from the international force, and by the establishment of alliances, just as at present, meet with arms the force of arms. If it be a weak nation; it will do, as it does now—obey the mandate through fear, unless the mandate means extermination, when it will fight. National extermination, while fighting, is better than extermination without resistance. The first power for enforcement will be “Dread.” A greater dread than exists to-day, because of a greater object lesson of horror than has existed heretofore. All things, that are, have a reason for their existence. The present conflagration must have its raison d’être. In orderly evolution it is not to be presumed that the reason is for the world control by any one power. That suggestion might meet the conceit of a nation, but would not meet the approbation of the world. Nations having deviated from the moral law, the individuals thereof having gradually become accustomed to written rules of regulation, it has been necessary to substitute something for the moral code, for the present, until the moral code can once more take its rightful place. Dread will be enthroned as the enforcer of agreements. Dread of war will prevent war. That this may come about, it is necessary that there shall be a concrete example of the horrors of war in all its awful intensity. As nations have increased and as armaments have been multiplied, it is necessary that the lesson of “dread” must be planted firmly.