[Footnote 114: Horace Hutchinson, who in his _Dreams and their Meanings_ (1901), has independently suggested that 'this flying dream is caused by some action of the breathing organs,' mentions the significant fact (p. 128) that the idea of filling the lungs as a help in levitation occurs in the flying dreams of many persons.] [Footnote 115: We have an analogous state of tactile anaesthesia in the early stages of chloroform intoxication. Thus Elmer Jones found that this sense is, after hearing, the first to disappear. 'With the disappearance of the tactile sense and hearing,' he remarks, 'the body has completely lost its orientation. It appears to be nowhere, simply floating in space. It is a most ecstatic feeling.'] [Footnote 116: Lafcadio Hearn describes the fall as coming at the beginning of the dream. Dr. Guthrie (_Clinical Journal_, June 7, 1899), in his own case, describes the flying sensations as coming first and the falling as coming afterwards, and apparently due to sudden failure of the power of flight; the first part of the dream is agreeable but after the fall the dreamer awakes shaken, shocked, and breathless.] [Footnote 117: The disagreeable nature of falling in dreams may probably be connected with the absence of rhythm usually present in dreams of flying. Most of the psychologists who have occupied themselves with rhythm have insisted on its pleasurable emotional tone, as leading to a state bordering on ecstasy (see _e.g._ J. B. Miner, 'Motor, Visual, and Applied Rhythms,' Monograph Supplement to _Psychological Review_, June 1903). The pleasure is especially marked, as MacDougall remarks, when there is 'a coincidence of subjective and objective change.' In dreams of flying we have this coincidence, the real subjective rhythm being transformed in consciousness to an objective rhythm.] [Footnote 118: Féré, 'Note sur les Rêves Epileptiques,' _Revue de Médecine_, September 10, 1905.] [Footnote 119: Sir W. R. Gowers has on several occasions (_e.g._ 'The Borderland of Epilepsy,' _British Medical Journal_, July 21, 1906) argued that dreams of falling have an aural origin, and are caused by contraction of the stapedius muscle, leading to a change in the ampullae which might suggest descent; he has himself suddenly awakened from such a dream and caught the sound of the muscular contraction. The opinion of so acute an investigator deserves consideration.] [Footnote 120: Such sensations are, indeed, a recognised result of morphia. Morphinomaniacs, Goron remarks (_Les Parias de l'Amour_, p. 125), are apt to feel that they are flying or floating over the world.] [Footnote 121: Jewell states that 'certain observers, peculiarly liable to dreams of falling or flying, ascribe these distinctly to faulty circulation, and say their physicians, to regulate the heart's action, have given them medicines which always relieve them and prevent such dreams' (_American Journal of Psychology_, January 1905, p. 8).]