In the territories of the old Russian Empire, where French interests are much less important than British interests, an equal distribution is not provided for: it would have been to the advantage of France. But it is stated that the two Governments will give their "joint support" to those of their nationals who make "joint efforts" to obtain concessions, and to export and deliver oil. Now, at the present moment, such efforts are being made by the _Royal Dutch-Shell_ alone, which is even going to the length of proposing to the Soviet Government to restore the oil industry of Russia, if it is granted extra-territoriality for its concessions. In Mesopotamia, "the British Government undertake to grant to the French Government 25 per cent. of the net output" if the Mesopotamian oil-fields are developed by Government action. If a private company is used, the British Government will place at the disposal of the French Government a share of 25 per cent. in such company. Thus, in the one case France will be simply a consumer of oil, or in the other she will be both a producer and a consumer. The negotiators took care to have inserted that "the price to be paid for such participation shall be no more than that paid by any of the other participants." They remembered the price at which British coal had been sold them! "It is also understood that the said petroleum company shall be _under permanent British control_." Should a private company be constituted, "the native Government or other native interests shall be allowed, if they so desire, to participate up to a maximum of 20 per cent. of the share capital of the said company, the French contributing one-half of the first 10 per cent. of such native participation." With this system, as M. Delaisi has observed, France would subscribe a _third_ of the capital, upon which condition she would have a right to a _quarter_ of the oil produced. If Britain consented to give France this share of the Mesopotamian oil, when, according to the document which Sir Edward Grey had got M. Paul Cambon to sign on May 15, 1915, she was _under no obligation_ to give anything at all--the more so because France had given up Mosul without previously laying down any conditions about the oil[51]--it was because the present carried with it as a counterpart privileges and exemptions granted by France to the _Anglo-Persian_, which will have access, if it so desires, to the Mediterranean by pipe-lines across Syria. It will even be able to build railways, refineries, and reservoirs there, and France is pledged to guarantee the security of its installations in her zone without levying any tolls. No export or transit dues are to be levied upon the oil which it sends through French ports.