Aeronautics -- United States -- Biography; Wright, Orville, 1871-1948; Wright, Wilbur, 1867-1912
That neither Lilienthal nor any other experimenter had ever tried
any more adequate method to insure lateral balance struck Orville as
surprising. Why, he asked himself, wouldn’t it be possible for the
operator to vary the inclination of sections of the wings at the tips
and thus obtain force for restoring balance from the difference in
the lifts of the two opposite wing tips? That seems today an obvious
enough idea, but no one had ever done anything about it before. Orville
had hit on a fundamental principle. (Indeed, this principle later
became the basic claim of the original Wright patent, and the claim
was sustained, as covering the idea of the aileron control, in all
countries where the Wright patents were adjudicated.)
Orville made a rough sketch of a wing, showing a stationary section at
the center, consisting of approximately one-third of the wing, measured
from tip to tip, with two adjustable sections, one at either side.
These sections were carried on shafts interconnected by cogs mounted on
the center section and extending toward the wing tips. The movement of
a lever attached to one of the shafts would cause one wing section to
rotate in one direction while the other wing would turn in the opposite
direction. Thus a greater lift could be obtained on whichever side it
was needed.
The Wrights soon saw, however, that for two reasons this particular
design did not provide a good structure for a gliding machine. First,
with two-thirds of the entire weight of the machine and operator
carried by the two shafts, the structure would be weak; and, second,
with the ends of the wings free to turn about the shafts, there would
not be enough rigidity for a machine that would have to be toted about.
Then one night, some five or six weeks later, Wilbur came home from
the bicycle shop, to tell Orville enthusiastically of an idea he had
hit upon. A customer had dropped in to buy an inner tube for a tire.
Wilbur had taken the tube from the pasteboard box it came in and was
toying with the box while talking to the customer. As he twisted the
box he observed that though the vertical sides were rigid endwise, the
top and bottom sides could be twisted to have different angles at the
opposite ends. Why, he thought, couldn’t the wings of a gliding machine
be warped from one end to the other in this same way? Thus the wings
could be put at a greater angle at one side than at the other, without
structural weakness. That plan seemed so satisfactory that the Wrights
did not look for or consider any other method.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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