Aeronautics -- United States -- Biography; Wright, Orville, 1871-1948; Wright, Wilbur, 1867-1912
A few weeks later, in August, 1899, the brothers built a biplane kite,
and Wilbur, with a group of small boys as spectators, flew it on a
common at the edge of town. This kite had wing surfaces five feet from
tip to tip by thirteen inches wide. The warping of these surfaces
could be accomplished by the use of four cords reaching from the kite
to the ground. Two of the cords were attached to the forward corners
of the right wing tips, one to the upper and one to the lower; the
other ends of the cords, at the ground, were tied to opposite ends of
a short stick to be held in the operator’s hand. The cords tied to the
left wing were arranged in the same way. With a stick in each hand,
the operator could move the wings as he desired. The upper wing could
be moved farther forward or farther backward than the lower wing,
according to the direction in which the two sticks were simultaneously
inclined, by movement of the wrists. By inclining the two sticks in
opposite directions it was possible to draw one upper wing tip farther
forward than the lower at that end, while at the other end of the kite
the lower wing tip would be the one farther forward. This moving of
the wing tips in opposite directions caused a twisting or warping of
the wings. Then the wing at one end would be presented to the wind at
a different angle from that at the other end. If one end of the kite
started to sink, sidewise balance could be restored by exposing the
wing at that end at a greater angle, thus getting more lift.
Balance from front to rear was to be maintained by inclining the two
sticks in the operator’s hands in the same direction--to move the upper
wing either forward or backward over the lower wing, to change the
center of lift.
But in addition to this moving of the wings forward and backward, the
Wrights added an “elevator” at the rear. It was held by a pair of
wooden rods attached at right angles to the uprights that connected the
wings. When the upper wing was pulled forward, to turn the kite upward
in front, the elevator met the air at its top side and was pressed
downward, which helped to turn the wings upward--as the rear elevator
does on planes today.
Though their interest did not lag, the Wrights did nothing more for
some time about kite experiments, except to seek information in regard
to wind velocity in different parts of the country. They wrote to the
Weather Bureau at Washington, in December, 1899, and Willis Moore,
chief of that Bureau, sent them a number of government bulletins that
included statistics on wind velocities at various places. They looked
these over, but at that time made no further investigation of any of
the places mentioned.
[Illustration: THE FIRST CAMP AT KITTY HAWK. _Top_: The 1900 camp.
_Bottom_: Kitty Hawk Bay as seen from the 1900 camp.]
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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