Aeronautics -- United States -- Biography; Wright, Orville, 1871-1948; Wright, Wilbur, 1867-1912
When the brothers set to work on their glider for the experiments of
1901, they decided to make it of the same general design as the first
one, and with the same system of control. But they carried out their
plan to give it considerably more area, to provide greater lifting
power. Another change they made was to increase the curvature of the
wings to conform to the shape on which Lilienthal had based his tables
of air pressures. It had wings of about seven-foot chord (the straight
line distance between the front and rear edges) with a total span of
twenty-two feet, and weighed ninety-eight pounds. After a section
twenty inches wide had been removed from the middle of the lower wing,
and the rear corners of the wings rounded off, the total lifting area
was 290 square feet, as compared with 165 in the previous glider. The
front elevator, with its rear edge about two and one half feet away
from the front edge of the wings, had a four-and-one-half foot chord
and an area of eighteen square feet.
This was a much larger machine than anyone had ever tried to fly. The
Wrights knew it could not be controlled simply by shifting the pilot’s
weight, as others had done, but they had faith in their own operable
front elevator and believed they could manage it. If their calculations
were correct, it would be supported in a wind of seventeen miles an
hour, with the wing surfaces at an “angle of incidence” of only three
degrees. (“Angle of incidence,” now more often called “angle of
attack,” has been defined as the angle at which the plane presents
itself to the air in advancing against it.)
As it would be impractical to keep so large a machine with them in the
tent, as they had done with the smaller glider, the brothers built near
Kill Devil Hill a rough frame shed, twenty-five feet long, sixteen
feet wide, and seven feet high at the eaves. Both ends of the building
except the gable parts were made into doors, hinged above. When open,
the doors provided an awning at each end of the building. For living
quarters they still used a tent. By driving a pipe ten or twelve feet
into the sand they got a water supply.
Though the great stretch of sandy waste seemed too desolate for
anyone to bother about owning, yet it was all under the ownership of
one person or another and the Wrights took the precaution to obtain
permission to erect their buildings.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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