The control of the spark timing was effected by advancing or retarding
the ignition camshaft in relation to the exhaust valve camshaft. The
spur gear (37, Figure 5) driving the ignition camshaft had its hub on
one side extended out to provide what was in effect a sleeve around
the camshaft integral with the gear. The gear and integral sleeve were
slidable on the shaft and the sleeve at one place (39, Figure 5) was
completely slotted through to the shaft at an angle of 45° to the
longitudinal axis of the shaft. The shaft was driven by a pin tightly
fitted in it and extending into the slot. The fore-and-aft position of
the sleeve on the shaft was determined by a lever-operated cam (40,
Figure 5) on one side and a spring on the other. The movement of the
sleeve along the shaft would cause the shaft to rotate in relation to
it because of the angle of the slot, thus providing the desired
variation in timing of the spark. The "magneto" was a purchased item
driven by means of a friction wheel contacting the flywheel, and
several different makes were used later, but the original is indicated
to have been a Miller-Knoblock (see Figure 5).
The connecting rod is another example of how, seemingly without
trouble, they were able to meet the basic requirements they had set
for themselves. It consisted of a piece of seamless steel tubing with
each end fastened into a phosphor-bronze casting, these castings
comprising the big and little ends, drilled through to make the
bearings (See Figures 5 and 6). It was strong, stiff and light.[13]
Forged rods were in rather wide use at the time and at least one
existing engine even had a forged I-beam section design that was
tapered down from big to little end. The Wrights' rod was obtained in
little more time than it took to make the simple patterns for the two
ends. The weight was easily controlled, no bearing liners were
necessary, and a very minimum of machining was required. Concerning
the big-end material, there exists a contradiction in the records:
Baker, whose data are generally most accurate, states that these were
babbited, but this must be in error, as the existing engine has
straight bronze castings without babbiting, and there is no record, or
drawing, or other indication of the bearings having been otherwise.
[Footnote 13: A rather thorough stress analysis of the rod shows it to
compare very favorably with modern practice. In the absence of an
indicator card for the 1903 engine, if a maximum gas pressure of five
times the MEP is assumed, the yield-tension factor of safety is
measurably higher than that of two designs of piston engines still in
wide service, and the column factor of safety only slightly less. The
shear stresses in the brazed and threaded joints are so low as to be
negligible.]
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