Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
5. But perhaps some one may meet us with one of those objections which
we have ourselves warned you of in our statements, and say, “How then is
there said to be also a soul of God?” To which we answer as follows:
That as with respect to everything corporeal which is spoken of God,
such as fingers, or hands, or arms, or eyes, or feet, or mouth, we say
that these are not to be understood as human members, but that certain
of his powers are indicated by these names of members of the body; so
also we are to suppose that it is something else which is pointed out by
this title—soul of God. And if it is allowable for us to venture to say
anything more on such a subject, the soul of God may perhaps be
understood to mean the only-begotten Son of God. For as the soul, when
implanted in the body, moves all things in it, and exerts its force over
everything on which it operates; so also the only-begotten Son of God,
who is His Word and Wisdom, stretches and extends to every power of God,
being implanted in it; and perhaps to indicate this mystery is God
either called or described in Scripture as a body. We must, indeed, take
into consideration whether it is not perhaps on this account that the
soul of God may be understood to mean His only-begotten Son, because He
Himself came into this world of affliction, and descended into this
valley of tears, and into this place of our humiliation; as He says in
the Psalm, “Because Thou hast humiliated us in the place of
affliction.”[302] Finally, I am aware that certain critics, in
explaining the words used in the Gospel by the Saviour, “My soul is
sorrowful, even unto death,” have interpreted them of the apostles, whom
He termed His soul, as being better than the rest of His body. For as
the multitude of believers is called His body, they say that the
apostles, as being better than the rest of the body, ought to be
understood to mean His soul.
We have brought forward as we best could these points regarding the
rational soul, as topics of discussion for our readers, rather than as
dogmatic and well-defined propositions. And with respect to the souls of
animals and other dumb creatures, let that suffice which we have stated
above in general terms.
Footnote 259:
Anima.
Footnote 260:
Animæ.
Footnote 261:
Animam animantium.
Footnote 262:
Gen. i. 21: πᾶσαν ψυχὴν ζώων, Sept.
Footnote 263:
Erasmus remarks, that φανταστική may be rendered _imaginitiva_, which
is the understanding: ὁρμητική, _impulsiva_, which refers to the
affections (Schnitzer).
Footnote 264:
Animam.
Footnote 265:
Lev. xvii. 14: ψυχὴ πάσης σαρκὶς αἶμα αὐτοῦ ἔστι, Sept.
Footnote 266:
Vitalis.
Footnote 267:
Animantia.
Footnote 268:
Gen. i. 24, living creature, _animam_.
Footnote 269:
Gen. ii. 7, _animam viventem_.
Footnote 270:
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