Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
6. Let us now see how we are to understand the expression “invisible
image,” that we may in this way perceive how God is rightly called the
Father of His Son; and let us, in the first place, draw our conclusions
from what are customarily called images among men. That is sometimes
called an image which is painted or sculptured on some material
substance, such as wood or stone; and sometimes a child is called the
image of his parent, when the features of the child in no respect belie
their resemblance to the father. I think, therefore, that that man who
was formed after the image and likeness of God may be fittingly compared
to the first illustration. Respecting him, however, we shall see more
precisely, God willing, when we come to expound the passage in Genesis.
But the image of the Son of God, of whom we are now speaking, may be
compared to the second of the above examples, even in respect of this,
that He is the invisible image of the invisible God, in the same manner
as we say, according to the sacred history, that the image of Adam is
his son Seth. The words are, “And Adam begat Seth in his own likeness,
and after his own image.”[57] Now this image contains the unity of
nature and substance belonging to Father and Son. For if the Son do, in
like manner, all those things which the Father doth, then, in virtue of
the Son doing all things like the Father, is the image of the Father
formed in the Son, who is born of Him, like an act of His will
proceeding from the mind. And I am therefore of opinion that the will of
the Father ought alone to be sufficient for the existence of that which
He wishes to exist. For in the exercise of His will He employs no other
way than that which is made known by the counsel of His will. And thus
also the existence[58] of the Son is generated by Him. For this point
must above all others be maintained by those who allow nothing to be
unbegotten, _i.e._ unborn, save God the Father only. And we must be
careful not to fall into the absurdities of those who picture to
themselves certain emanations, so as to divide the divine nature into
parts, and who divide God the Father as far as they can, since even to
entertain the remotest suspicion of such a thing regarding an
incorporeal being is not only the height of impiety, but a mark of the
greatest folly, it being most remote from any intelligent conception
that there should be any physical division of any incorporeal nature.
Rather, therefore, as an act of the will proceeds from the
understanding, and neither cuts off any part nor is separated or divided
from it, so after some such fashion is the Father to be supposed as
having begotten the Son, His own image; namely, so that, as He is
Himself invisible by nature, He also begat an image that was invisible.
For the Son is the Word, and therefore we are not to understand that
anything in Him is cognisable by the senses. He is wisdom, and in wisdom
there can be no suspicion of anything corporeal. He is the true light,
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