Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
Celsus denies that the Jewish prophets predicted any of the events which
occurred in the life of Christ, and asserts that those who believe in
the existence of another God, besides that of the Jews, cannot refute
his objections; while Christians, who recognise the God of the Jews,
rely for their defence on the alleged predictions regarding Christ:
Remarks—chap. ii. Celsus declares Christians inconsistent in rejecting
the ancient Grecian oracles of Delphi, Dodona, Clarus, Branchidæ,
Jupiter Ammon, etc., which nevertheless were of high importance, while
insisting that the sayings uttered in Judea are marvellous and
unchangeably true: Detailed answer to this objection—chaps. iii.-viii.
Asserts that many individuals assume the attitude of inspiration, and
claim to be God, or the Son of God, or the divine Spirit, and to have
come down to save a perishing world, and promise rewards to those who do
them homage, and threaten vengeance upon others; and, moreover, to these
promises add strange and unintelligible words, which may be applied by
any impostor to his own purposes—chap. ix. Answer to these
charges—chaps. x.-xii. Falsity of Celsus’ statement that God favours the
commission of evil—chap. xiii. Celsus objects, that even if the prophets
foretold that the great God would become a slave, or die, there was no
necessity that He should do so simply because such things had been
predicted: Answers—chaps. xiv.-xvii. Celsus objects further, that if the
prophets of the God of the Jews foretold that Jesus was to be the Son of
the same God, how could commands have been given through Moses that the
Jews should accumulate wealth, extend their dominion, fill the earth,
put their enemies to the sword, under threat of being treated by God as
His enemies; whilst the man of Nazareth, His Son, delivered commands of
a totally opposite kind? Errors of Celsus pointed out in detail, and the
nature of the two dispensations explained—chaps. xviii.-xxvi. Falsity of
assertion that Christians believe the Divine Being to be corporeal in
His nature, and to possess a body like a man—chap. xxvii. Celsus alleges
that the idea of a better land than this, to which Christians hope to go
after death, has been borrowed from the divine men of a former age, and
quotes from Homer and Plato in support of his assertion: Answers—chaps.
xxviii.-xxxi. Celsus next assails the doctrine of the resurrection, and
asserts that we uphold this doctrine in order that we may see and know
God: Answer—chaps. xxxii.-xxxiv. The oracles of Trophonius, etc., to
which Celsus would direct Christians, assuring them that there they
would see God distinctly, shown to be demons—chap. xxxv. Language of
Christians as to the manner in which they see God misrepresented by
Celsus—chaps. xxxvi.-xxxix. Language of Celsus quite inappropriate as
addressed to Christians, and applicable only to those whose doctrines
differ widely from theirs—chap. xl. Celsus recommends Christians to
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The writings of Origen, Vol. 2 (of 2) — John Shaqi
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