Apologetics -- History -- Early church, ca. 30-600; Celsus (Platonic philosopher), active 180; Theology -- History -- Early Church, ca. 30-600
Subject of Fourth Book mainly to show that the prophecies regarding
Christ are true predictions—chap. i. The position maintained by certain
Christians, that there has already descended upon the earth a certain
God, or Son of a God, who will make the inhabitants of the earth
righteous, and by the Jews, that the advent of this being is still
future, asserted by Celsus to be false: Answer—chap. ii. Question of
Celsus as to the meaning of such a descent: Answered—chap. iii. Argument
of Celsus turned against himself—chap. iv. Celsus misrepresents
Christians as saying that God Himself will come down to men, and that it
follows that He has left His own abode—chap. v. Celsus represents the
object of God’s descent to be a desire to make Himself known, and to
make trial of men; and this, he alleges, testifies to an excessive and
mortal ambition on the part of God: Answer—chaps. vi.-ix. Celsus
asserts, that Christians talk of God in a way that is neither holy nor
reverential, and likens them to those who in the Bacchic mysteries
introduce phantoms and objects of terror: Answer—chap. x. Celsus
endeavours to prove that the statements in the Christian records
regarding floods and conflagrations are neither new nor wonderful, but
may be paralleled and explained from the accounts of the Greeks:
Answer—chaps. xi.-xiii. Celsus returns to the subject of the descent of
God, alleging that if He came down among men, He must have undergone a
change from better to worse, which is impossible in the case of an
immortal being: Answer—chaps. xiv.-xvi. Superiority of the scriptural
accounts of these matters over those of the Greek mythology—chap. xvii.
Celsus repeats his objections: Answer—chaps. xviii., xix. Celsus’
representation of the manner in which the Jews maintain that the advent
of Jesus is still future—chap. xx. Absurdity of the statement of Celsus
that the overturning of the tower of Babel had the same object as the
Deluge, viz. the purification of the earth—chap. xxi. Proof that Jews
brought on themselves the divine wrath, because of their treatment of
Jesus—chap. xxii. Celsus insolently compares Jews and Christians to
bats, and ants, and frogs, and worms, etc.—chap. xxiii. Answer—chaps.
xxiv., xxv. Superiority of Christians in their opinions and practice to
idolaters—chaps. xxvi., xxvii. Celsus misrepresents the language of
Christians as to God’s descent among men, and His intercourse with
them—chaps. xxviii., xxix. Celsus, not understanding the words, “Let us
make man in our image and likeness,” has represented Christians as
saying that they _resemble_ God because created by Him: Answer—chap.
xxx. Celsus again asserts that the Jews were fugitives from Egypt, who
never performed anything of note, and were never held in any account:
Answer—chaps. xxxi., xxxii. Celsus, in very ambiguous language, asserts
that the Jews endeavoured to derive their origin from the first race of
jugglers and deceivers, and appealed to the testimony of dark and
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