The pure Yoga has two meanings viz.; the holy and unmixed forms of it. The former was practised by the celibate Brahmacháris and Brahmachárinis of yore, and is now in practice with the Kánphutta _yogis_ and _yoginis_ of Katiyawar in Guzerat and Bombay. Its unmixed form is found among the _Brahmavádis_ and _Vádinis_, who practise the pure contemplative yoga of Vedánta without any intermixture of sectarian forms. It corresponds with the philosophical mysticism of saint Bernard, and the mystic devotion of the Sufis of Persia. (See Sir Wm. Jones. On the Mystic Poetry of the Hindus, Persians and Greeks.) [Sidenote: 8. The Impure or _Bhanda yoga_.] The impure yoga in both its significations of unholiness and intermixture, is now largely in vogue with the followers of the _tantras_, the worshippers of Siva and Sakti, the modern Gosavis of Deccan, the Bullabhácháris of Brindaban, the Gosains, Bhairavis and Vaishnava sects in India, the Aghoris of Hindustan, and the Kartábhajás and _Nerá-neris_ of Bengal. [Sidenote: 9. The Pantheistic or _Visvátmá yoga_.] This is well known from the pantheistic doctrines of Vedánta, to consist in the meditation of every thing in God and God in every thing; “_Sarvam khalvidam Brahama_” सर्ब्बं खल्विदं ब्रह्म । एतद्धैतत; and that such contemplation alone leads to immortality. भूतेषु भूतेषु बिचिन्त्य धीरः प्रेत्यास्माल्लोकादमृता भबन्ति । It corresponds with the pantheism of Persian Sufis and those of Spinoza and Tindal in the west. Even Sadi says; “_Hamán nestand unche hasti tui_,” there is nothing else but thyself. So in Urdu, _Jo kuch hai ohi hai nahin aur kuchh_. [Sidenote: 10. The Monotheistic or _Adwaita Brahma yoga._] It consists in the meditation of the creed ओं एकमेवबाद्बितीयं of the Brahmans, like the “Wahed Ho” of Moslems, and that God is one of Unitarian Christians. The monotheistic yoga is embodied in the Svetáswatara and other Upanishads (Weber p. 252 a). As for severe monotheism the Mosaic and Moslem religions are unparalleled, whose tenet it is “_la sharik laho_” one without a partner; and, “Thou shalt have no other God but Me.” [Sidenote: 11. The Dualistic or _Dwaita yoga_.] The dualistic yoga originated with Patanjali, substituting his _Isvara_ for the _Purusha_ of Sánkhya, and taking the _Prakriti_ as his associate. “From these,” says Weber, “the doctrine seems to rest substantially upon a dualism of the _Purusha_ male and _avyakta_ or Prakriti—the female.” This has also given birth to the dualistic faith of the _androgyne_ divinity—the Protogonus of the Greek mythology, the _ardhanáriswara_ of Manu, the undivided Adam of the scriptures, the Hara-Gauri and Umá-Maheswara of the Hindu Sáktas. But there is another dualism of two male duties joined in one person of _Hari-hara_ or _Hara-hari_; whose worshippers are called _dwaita-vádis_, and among whom the famous grammarian Vopadeva ranks the foremost. [Sidenote: 12. The Trialistic or _Traita-yoga_.]