The Zincali: An Account of the Gypsies of SpainBorrow, George
History
The Zincali: An Account of the Gypsies of Spain
Borrow, George
Romanies -- Languages; Romanies -- Spain
The second section, in which fidelity is enjoined, was more particularly
intended for the women: be faithful to the _Roms_, ye _juwas_, and take
not up with the gorgios, whether they be _raior_ or _bauor_ (gentlemen or
fellows). This was a very important injunction, so much so, indeed, that
upon the observance of it depended the very existence of the Rommany
sect,—for if the female Gypsy admitted the gorgio to the privilege of the
Rom, the race of the Rommany would quickly disappear. How well this
injunction has been observed needs scarcely be said; for the Rommany have
been roving about England for three centuries at least, and are still to
be distinguished from the gorgios in feature and complexion, which
assuredly would not have been the case if the juwas had not been faithful
to the Roms. The gorgio says that the juwa is at his disposal in all
things, because she tells him fortunes and endures his free discourse;
but the Rom, when he hears the boast, laughs within his sleeve, and
whispers to himself, _Let him try_.
The third section, which relates to the paying of debts, is highly
curious. In the Gypsy language, the state of being in debt is called
_Pazorrhus_, and the Rom who did not seek to extricate himself from that
state was deemed infamous, and eventually turned out of the society. It
has been asserted, I believe, by various gorgio writers, that the Roms
have everything in common, and that there is a common stock out of which
every one takes what he needs; this is quite a mistake, however: a Gypsy
tribe is an epitome of the world; every one keeps his own purse and
maintains himself and children to the best of his ability, and every tent
is independent of the other. True it is that one Gypsy will lend to
another in the expectation of being repaid, and until that happen the
borrower is pazorrhus, or indebted. Even at the present time, a Gypsy
will make the greatest sacrifices rather than remain pazorrhus to one of
his brethren, even though he be of another clan; though perhaps the
feeling is not so strong as of old, for time modifies everything; even
Jews and Gypsies are affected by it. In the old time, indeed, the Gypsy
law was so strong against the debtor, that provided he could not repay
his brother husband, he was delivered over to him as his slave for a year
and a day, and compelled to serve him as a hewer of wood, a drawer of
water, or a beast of burden; but those times are past, the Gypsies are no
longer the independent people they were of yore,—dark, mysterious, and
dreaded wanderers, living apart in the deserts and heaths with which
England at one time abounded. Gypsy law has given place to common law;
but the principle of honour is still recognised amongst them, and base
indeed must the Gypsy be who would continue pazorrhus because Gypsy law
has become too weak to force him to liquidate a debt by money or by
service.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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