Encouraged by the success of the Zoological Gardens in London, M. G. F. Westerman of Amsterdam conceived the idea of founding a similar institution in his native town. However, his initial efforts in 1836 failed. At length an opportunity presented itself. M. R. Draak, a great student of natural history, who possessed an important private collection of stuffed birds, fishes, etc., valued at 8,000 francs at least, wished to transfer them into more spacious quarters. In order to achieve this, he sought the assistance of M. Westerman, known throughout Europe for his interest in natural history. He, on his part, always ready to assist anyone fond of natural history, succeeded in obtaining a site in 1837, and built and arranged a natural history museum upon it. It was opened to the public for a small entrance fee the same year. In spite of great efforts, the enterprise flourished but little; but, aided by two friends, M. Westerman bought other large buildings, and laid out some beautiful gardens, which he thought would be more attractive to the visitors. When in possession of these gardens, the proprietors tried to give more force to their enterprise by addressing the following circular to the inhabitants of Amsterdam: [Illustration: CONCERT-HOUSE AND LAKE, AMSTERDAM.] ‘NATURA ARTIS MAGISTRA ‘A society has been formed under this title, having for its object the study of natural history in an agreeable and attractive form, not only by exhibiting stuffed animals, but also by a collection of living animals and birds.’ In a very short time 120 persons, whose numbers quickly rose to 400, gave their services and help to the enterprise, and were inscribed as members of the Society, paying an annual subscription. Encouraged by this first success, the Council decided to negotiate for a loan, with part of which a convenient site was arranged to receive the collections of M. R. Draak. Gradually the number of members of the Society rose, and in 1839, with the authority of the general assembly, the menagerie of C. van Ascen, at that time well known, was bought. Bitter disappointment was, however, caused when the Council, who had asked permission of the municipal authorities to build further houses on their grounds for the animals of the above-mentioned menagerie, were given permission, but on such bad terms that their request was to all intents and purposes met by a refusal. With much regret, the Society was therefore obliged to lodge the animals provisionally in some barrack-stables. However, little by little other buildings were acquired, with large gardens, and the collection of living animals and objects for the museum was enriched both by generous gifts and by purchases.