Through a Microscope: Something of the Science, Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope.Wells, Samuel
History
Through a Microscope: Something of the Science, Together with many Curious Observations Indoor and Out and Directions for a Home-made Microscope.
Wells, Samuel
Microscopes; Microscopy; Natural history
Let the different parts of the Dandelion be examined now more minutely.
First take some of the bristles and examine them with one quarter inch
power. They are not perfectly smooth, but are more or less saw-like on
the edge. With the same power look at other parts of the flower; notice
the hairiness of the stigmas, the pollen grains coming out of the
anthers (some grains may be found on the stigmas) also the roughness of
the ovary and the delicate ribs or veins in the corolla. Examine one of
the seed-like fruits with one and one half inch power. It is a ripened
ovary. Compare the fruit with the ovary of a flower. The nutlet has
become hard, rougher and more strongly ribbed. The narrowed upper part
of the ovary has become much elongated and the pappus is spread out like
an inverted umbrella.
Examine some bristles with one quarter inch power. They show the
saw-like edges much more developed than in the younger bristles of the
flower. We see throughout a beautiful adaptation of every part for
fitting the little parachute to be carried long distances by the wind
and finally to catch on some suitable place in which to sprout.
XIV.--HOW TO SEE A BUMBLE BEE.
You will first need to catch your Bumble Bee. A little chloroform poured
on one will kill it instantly. Make a general examination at the outset
of the insect. The outside of the body is horny and covered thickly with
hairs. On the upper side the hairs are much more numerous than on the
under side. The whole body is divided into three regions: the head,
bearing the feelers and mouth-parts; a middle part (thorax) bearing the
four wings and six legs; and a hind part (abdomen) armed with the sting.
Remove the head and examine with one and one half inch power. At the
sides are two prominent oval bodies (compound eyes) which seem to be
crossed by five lines; near the top of the head, between the compound
eyes, are three little shiny bead-like organs (simple eyes); starting
from about the middle of the face are the two feelers (antennae) and at
the lower part of the head are the mouth-parts. The sides, top and front
of the head are all covered with hair.
Examine one of the compound eyes with one fourth inch power. The surface
is made up of innumerable little facets, something like a cut diamond.
Cut off a piece of one of the compound eyes, remove some of the black
pigment on the back and examine the piece in a drop of water. Each facet
is a tiny hexagon. Some care is necessary to see them well.
Remove an antenna and examine it with three fourths inch power. It is
thickly covered with minute hairs which give it a velvety appearance.
Count the joints. At the base is the longest joint; at the lower end of
which is a little knob that fits into a socket in the head. The next
joint is quite small while those beyond are much alike.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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