San Miguel, Gulf of, 23. San Rafael Lake, 285. San Ruiz, Mt., 391. San Salvador, Island of, 12. Santa Candelaria, convent of, Cartagena, 396. Santa Catalina, convent of, in Cuzco, 350. Santa Cruz, Bolivia, 261. Santa Cruz, Fort, 163. Santa Cruz, Territory of, 224. Santa Lucia, hill and fortress of, 99-100, 301. Santa Marta, Colombia, 90. Santarem, city of, 146. Santiago, Chile, founding of, by Valdivia, 99-100; mentioned, 287; description of, 299-307. Santo Domingo, convent of, in Cuzco, 350. Santos, city of, 153, 176, 181-182. San Valentín, Mt., 284. São João, Fort, 163. São Leopoldo, city of, 186. São Luiz de Maranhão, 154, 155. São Paulo, city of, 176-181. São Salvador da Bahia, 34, 153, 154, 159-160. São Vicente, colony of, 33. Sarmiento, Domingo Faustino, 197. Sarmiento, Mt., 311-313. Scots, in Patagonia, 224. Scruggs, William L., on Colombia’s commercial possibilities, 398-399. Sheep-raising, Rio Grande do Sul, 186; in Argentina, 191, 216; in Patagonia, 224-225; in Uruguay, 235. Silla, Cordillera de la, 406. Silver, from Mt. Potosí, 265. _See_ Mineral resources. Sinu River, 380. Slavery, reduction of Peruvian Indians to, by the Spanish, 77; introduction of negro, 403. Socompa, Mt., 278. Solis, Juan Diaz de, 22, 113, 236. Solis Theater, Montevideo, 231. Sorata, Mt., 258. Souza, Martim Affonso da, 33. Spain, mistaken colonial policy of, in South America, 113-120; revolt of South American countries against, 120-121. Spaniards, numbers of, in Buenos Aires, 203. Spanish Main, the, 402. Squier, E. G., quoted, 271. Steamships, German, at Buenos Aires, 200; on Paraná River, 226. Sucré, Antonio José de, 131, 132, 259, 266. Sucré, city of, 266-267. Sugar, beginnings of production of, in Brazil, 34. Sugar Loaf, peak of, bay of Rio de Janeiro, 162. Sun, worship of, by Peruvian Indians, 50, 57-58, 335-336, 337. Surinam, 426. Tabatinga, Brazilian port, 138. Tacna, Province of, 287, 290. Talca, truce of, 124. Tapajos River, 146. Tarapacá, Province of, 287, 290. Tehuelche Indians, 224. Temple of the Incas at Cuzco, 52-53. Tensaquilla, village of, 385. Theater, the Amazonas, at Manãos, 145-146; the Municipal, Rio de Janeiro, 166; at São Paulo, 180; the Solis, in Montevideo, 231. Theaters, at Belém, 152; in Buenos Aires, 206, 207. Tiahuanaco, ruins of, 48, 272-273. Tierra del Fuego, 225, 285, 311. Tin, wealth of Bolivia in, 265. Titicaca, Island of, 57, 336. Titicaca, Lake, 45, 57, 258, 335-338. Tobacco from Province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador, 358. Tolima, volcano, Colombia, 385, 391. Tonka beans, Colombia, 380. Toparca Capac, 69. Tordesillas, treaty of, 15. Toroni, Mt., 278. Torre Tagle, Marquis of, 129. Toscanelli, letters of, quoted, 8-9.