Meanwhile, in France, another and better-known mathematician had taken
up the subject, and in three memoirs presented to the French Academy
of Sciences in 1846, Leverrier furnished data concerning the new
planet which agreed in very remarkable fashion with those furnished by
Adams to Airy. The coincidence shook Airy's scepticism, and he asked
Dr. Challis, director of the Cambridge Observatory, to begin a search
for the planet with the large Northumberland equatorial. Challis, who
had no complete charts of the region to be searched, began to make
observations for the construction of a chart which would enable him to
detect the planet by means of its motion. It is more than likely that
had he adopted Hussey's suggestion of simply sweeping in the vicinity
of the spot indicated, he would have been successful, for the
Northumberland telescope was of 11 inches aperture, and would have
borne powers sufficient to distinguish readily the disc of Neptune
from the fixed stars around it. However, Challis chose the more
thorough, but longer method of charting; and even to that he did
not devote undivided attention. 'Some wretched comet,' says Proctor,
'which he thought it his more important duty to watch, prevented
him from making the reductions which would have shown him that the
exterior planet had twice been recorded in his notes of observations.'
Indeed, a certain fatality seems to have hung over the attempts made
in Britain to realize Adams's discovery. In 1845, the Rev. W. R.
Dawes, one of the keenest and most skilful of amateur observers, was
so much impressed by some of Adams's letters to the Astronomer Royal
that he wrote to Lassell, asking him to search for the planet. When
Dawes's letter arrived, Lassell was suffering from a sprained ankle,
and laid the letter aside till he should be able to resume work. In
the meantime the letter was burned by an officious servant-maid, and
Lassell lost the opportunity of a discovery which would have crowned
the fine work which he accomplished as an amateur observer.
A very different fate had attended Leverrier's calculations. On
September 23, 1846, a letter from Leverrier was received at the Berlin
Observatory, asking that search should be made for the planet in the
position which his inquiries had pointed out. The same night Galle
made the search, and within a degree of the spot indicated an object
was found with a measurable disc of between two and three seconds
diameter. As it was not laid down on Bremiker's star-chart of the
region, it was clearly not a star, and by next night its planetary
nature was made manifest. The promptitude with which Leverrier's
results were acted upon by Encke and Galle is in strong contrast to
the sluggishness which characterized the British official astronomers,
who, indeed, can scarcely be said to have come out of the business
with much credit.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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