THE RELATION OF TICS TO OTHER PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS 245 TICS AND HYSTERIA TICS AND NEURASTHENIA TICS AND EPILEPSY TICS--INSANITY--IDIOCY THE TICS OF IDIOTS CHAPTER XV THE DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF TICS 260 CHAPTER XVI DIAGNOSIS 264 TICS AND STEREOTYPED ACTS TICS AND SPASMS A. TIC OR SPASM OF THE FACE B. TIC OR SPASM OF THE NECK--TORTICOLLIS TIC AND TORTICOLLIS SPASM TICS AND CHOREAS A. SYDENHAM'S CHOREA B. HUNTINGTON'S CHOREA C. HYSTERICAL CHOREA D. ELECTRIC CHOREA, BERGERON'S CHOREA, DUBINI'S CHOREA, FIBRILLARY CHOREA OF MORVAN TICS AND PARAMYOCLONUS MULTIPLEX--TICS AND MYOCLONUS TICS AND ATHETOSIS TICS AND TREMORS TICS AND PROFESSIONAL CRAMPS CHAPTER XVII PROGNOSIS 293 CHAPTER XVIII THE TREATMENT OF TICS 298 THE CURABILITY OF TICS MEDICINAL TREATMENT DIET--HYGIENE--HYDROTHERAPY MASSAGE--MECHANOTHERAPY ELECTROTHERAPY SUGGESTION SURGICAL TREATMENT ORTHOPÆDIC TREATMENT CHAPTER XIX TREATMENT BY RE-EDUCATION 315 MIRROR DRILL REST IN BED ISOLATION PSYCHOTHERAPY * * * * * APPENDIX 346 BIBLIOGRAPHY 351 INDEX OF NAMES 380 INDEX OF SUBJECTS 384 TICS AND THEIR TREATMENT CHAPTER I THE CONFESSIONS OF A VICTIM TO TIC At the time when the plan of our book was being sketched we decided to introduce the subject with several characteristic clinical documents, since it appeared to us indispensable to preface our definitions with an illustration of the type of affection and of patient that we had in view. The choice was rather bewildering at first; but towards the close of 1901 one of us was put into communication with an individual who is a perfect compendium of almost all the varieties of tic, and whose story, remarkable alike for its lucidity and its educative value, forms the most natural prelude to our study. The history is neither a fable nor an allegory, but an authenticated and impartial clinical picture, whose worth is enhanced by no less genuine facts of self-observation. * * * * * O. may be said to constitute the prototype of the sufferer from tic, for his grandfather, brother, and daughter have all been affected, and he himself has not escaped. His grandmother and grandfather were first cousins, and the latter, in addition to being a stammerer, developed tics of face and head; his brother stammers too, while both his sister and his daughter have facial tics, and one of his sons was afflicted with asthma as a youth. The family history therefore more than confirms the existence of a grave neuropathic heredity, an unfailing feature in cases of tic. O.'s fifty-four years lie lightly on him. His physique and general health are excellent, and devotion to bodily exercise and outdoor sports has enabled him to maintain a vigour and an agility above the average; nor is his intellectual activity any less keen.