Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet; Time in literature; Tragedy
and it was only on the day preceding the opening of ACT II. that Hamlet
had carried his feigned insanity so far as to force his way into her
closet and frighten her with his antics. It was at about this time also
that the king decided upon his "hasty sending" for Rosencranz and
Guildenstern, that they, by associating with him, might learn the cause
of his affliction. The ambassadors, whose departure for Norway is
mentioned in the first act, are welcomed home again in the second, thus
giving us another evidence of the lapse of time. Still another
indication of the length of the interval is contained in the fact that
Lamond, a gentleman of Normandy, reached the Danish court after Laertes'
departure and "two months" before his return.
In the second interval there has been time enough for the news of the
death of Polonius to reach Laertes in Paris, and for him, "in secret,"
to return and spend some time in hiding, while he
Feeds on his wonder, keeps himself in clouds,
And wants not buzzers to infect his ear
With pestilent speeches of his father's death:
until at last he raises the body of men by whose aid he breaks through
the defences of the king and demands vengeance for the death of his
father. The interval had also been sufficient for Fortinbras to march
from Denmark to Poland, win a victory there, and then return as far as
the Danish court on his way home. It was not sufficient, however, for
Rosencranz and Guildenstern to reach England, there to meet their
deaths, and for the news to be brought back from England to Denmark.
Although Hamlet leaped upon the "pirate" ship when only two days out at
sea, it is likely that a much greater time would elapse before his
return. If it were only for appearances' sake, it would be necessary
that he should remain on the ship for some little length of time to keep
up the pretence that it was a "pirate" that had attacked him, and in
order that the fact might not become known that it was in reality one of
the vessels of Fortinbras that had rescued him in accordance with a plot
agreed upon between the two princes. On his return he recognized the
fact that the interim before the arrival of the news from England would
be but short, and that in this time, if ever, he must act. In truth he
had not an hour to spare, for the English ambassadors reached the Danish
court only a few minutes after the death of the king.
The best clue to the length of the interval between Scenes iii. and iv.
of the fourth act is, however, given by the flowers that were in bloom
at each of the two periods.
In the last scene there are named pansies, columbines, daisies,
crowflowers, nettles and long-purples; flowers which in England (and it
is the English rather than the Danish flora that is referred to by
Shakespeare) are all in bloom during the month of April. The time of
Polonius's death is fixed with beautiful precision by the words of
Ophelia:
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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