_But Janus is also_ represented in his medals "with a prow of a ship on the reverse," and he is said to have first invented crowns, _ships_, and _boats_, and to have coined the first money. "According to the accounts of mythologists," says Macrobius, "_all families in the time of Janus_ were full of religion and _holiness_." "Xenon says he was the first that built temples and instituted sacred rites," and was therefore always mentioned at the beginning of sacrifices. With reference to his description as "bifrons," Macrobius says (some say) he was so called "because he knew the past and future things.... Some pretend to prove that Janus is the Sun, and that he is represented with two faces, because he is master of the two _doors_[180] of heaven, and opens the day at his rising and shuts it at his setting." [180] _Vide_ Dr Smith's "Myth. Dict." art. Janus:--"Whereas the worship of _Janus_ was introduced at Rome by Romulus, that of _Sol_ was instituted by _Titus Tatius_." A good secondary explanation is,[181] that "as Janus always began the year" (whence January) "the two heads do look on and import the old and new year;" but then occurs the question--and this is why I submit that it is only a secondary explanation--how came Janus to commence the year? [181] If Janus is allowed to have been identified with Saturn (_supra_) we may see through the analogy of Saturn how these secondary functions came to be attributed to him--Saturn was also Chronos [that Chronos = Noah, _vide_ _Palmer's Egypt. Chron._, i. p. 60]; "but," as Dr Smith says, "there is no resemblance between the deities, except that both were regarded as the most ancient deities in their respective countries." As Chronos simply personifies antiquity itself, this only means that Saturn was the most ancient deity. When subsequently he became merged in "Chronos," his ancient sickle became converted into a scythe. Dr Smith ("Dict. Myth.") says, "He held in his hand a crooked pruning knife, and his feet were surrounded with a _woollen_ riband;" and Goguet ("Origin of Laws," i. 94) says, "All old traditions speak of the _sickle_ of Saturn, who is said to have taught the people of his time to cultivate the earth."--_Plut._ i. p. 2, 275; _Macrob. Sat._, lib. i. 217. Goguet ("Origin of Laws," i. 283) says, "Several critics are of opinion that the Janus of the ancients is the same with Javan the son of Japhet, Gen. x. 3."