Even in the plain of Sennaar (Shinar) we see something of this fusion of tribes--"Besides these two main constituents of the Chaldæan race there is reason to believe that both a Semitic and Aryan element existed.... The subjects of the early kings are continually designated in the inscriptions by the title of 'Kiprat-arbat,' which is interpreted to mean 'the four nations' or 'tongues'" (Rawlinson's "Ancient Monarchies," i. p. 69). Professor Rawlinson is also of opinion, that "the league of the four kings in Abraham's time seems correspondent to a four-fold ethnic division." Does not the above also correspond to the four-fold ethnic division of the Vedas?--_Vide infra_, p. 39. Compare also the four-fold division of the world or of Peru, according to various Indian traditions, between Manco Capac and his brothers.--_Vide_ Hakluyt Society's edition of Garcilasso de la Vega, i. 71-75. If these are not traditions of fusions of races, they can only be diluvian traditions of the four couples who came out of the ark, which was the conjecture of the Spaniards in the case of Manco Capac. In the situations, however, where the more powerful families had seized the vantage-ground, or established themselves in the richest and most coveted valleys, the tendency to consolidation and permanent settlement would have more rapidly manifested itself. As the tendency to family dispersion became restrained, and its scope restricted, disputes as to _meum_ and _tuum_ would have become more frequent as between families, some more central authority than the family headship would have been demanded for the protection, discrimination, and regulation of property. _In these_ instances the state may be said to have arisen out of the expansion of the family into the tribes--the families, probably, never having ceased to dwell together in semi-aggregation; and, when greater concentration was required, they simply had to fall back upon the patriarchal chieftain. We seem to see a tradition of this in the Anax Andron. But equally as regards the rest there must inevitably have come a time when, as the world became crowded, the same necessity of defending their possessions, would have caused families, among whom there was no affinity of race, to coalesce, intermix, succumb, and form communities and states.