"I. Fohi the great, the brilliant (Tai-hao) cultivator of astronomy and religion, as well as writing. He reigned one hundred and ten years. Then came fifteen reigns. II. Shin-nong (divine husbandman); institution of agriculture; the knowledge of simples applied as the art of medicine." [Compare pp. 210-214, Saturn, Bacchus, Æsculapius.] "III. Hoang-ti (great ruler) came to the throne in consequence of an armed insurrection (new dynasty), and was obliged to put down a revolt. _In his reign_ the magnetic needle was discovered; _the smelting of copper for making weapons_;[52] vases of high art, and money; improvement in the written character, said to be borrowed from the lines on the tortoise-shell. It consists of five hundred hieroglyphics, of which two hundred can still be pointed out. He established fixed habitations throughout his dominions, and the astronomical cycle of sixty years _in the sixty-first year of his reign_ (_vide supra_, 61); musical instruments. It was in his time also that the fabulous bird Sin appeared. The empire was considerably extended to the _southward_."--_Bunsen_, 382. [52] This tradition would seem to confirm Bryant's ("Mythology," iii. 584) conjecture that Hoang-ti was Ham. But Hoang-ti as Ham, may absorb and incorporate, as we have seen in other instances, the history of his progenitors; and, moreover, whether he is Noah or Ham, would scarcely affect the chronological argument. If we take Fohi as Adam, the fifteen reigns which follow will bear analogy with "the fifteen generations of the Cynic cycle" (_vide_ Palmer i. p. 8, 23-37; also _vide infra_), and will correspond to the thirteen generations, viz. the ten antediluvian, and the three survivors (excluding Noah) of the Deluge in the Egyptian chronology (_vide infra_). Shin-nong, "the divine husbandman," will be Noah, and Hoang-ti, Shem or Ham, or else the two will be reduplicate traditions of Noah. Compare the attributions of Hoang-ti with those of Hoa in the Assyrian tradition, p. 239. Certain statements regarding him--_e.g._ that he suppressed an insurrection, accord more nearly with epithets applied to Nin, the fish-god, whom I have considered a duplicate of Hoa (p. 201), _e.g._ "the destroyer of enemies,"--"the reducer of the disobedient,"--"the exterminator of rebels." Compare with the Phoenician tradition, p. 211, of Saturn causing the destruction of his son Sadid by the Deluge. The appearance of the fabulous bird Sin, seems a reminiscence of the birds sent out of the ark, which is so frequent in tradition. Compare the mystery bird (the dove) in the Mandan ceremonies,--the worship of the pigeon in Cashmere,[53] &c. Other coincidences might be pointed if space allowed. [53] On the worship of the pigeon in Cashmere, _vide_ "Travels in Kashmir," by G. G. Vigne, Esq., F.G.S., ii. p. 11, 13. 1844.