Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b being a journal of an expedition undertaken under the auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the years 1849-1855Barth, Heinrich
History
Travels and discoveries in North and Central Africa, Vol. 5 (of 5) : $b being a journal of an expedition undertaken under the auspices of H.B.M.'s Government, in the years 1849-1855
Barth, Heinrich
Africa, Central -- Description and travel; Africa, North -- Description and travel
The gúro, or kóla nut, which constitutes one of the greatest luxuries of
Negroland, is also a most important article of trade. Possessing this,
the natives do not feel the want of coffee, which they might so easily
cultivate to any extent, the coffee plant seeming to be indigenous in
many parts of Negroland. The gúro which is brought to the market of
Timbúktu is imported from the provinces of Tangréra, the town which was
touched at by M. Caillié on his journey from Sierra Leone to Morocco,
and of Teuté and Káni, to the south of Timé; while the gúro which is
brought to the market of Kanó is imported from the northern province of
Asanti; and the trees which furnish these different kinds of kóla nuts
do not belong to the same species, being distinguished as _Sterculia
acuminata_, or the red kóla nut, and _Sterculia macrocarpa_, or the
white kóla nut; although the variety appears merely to apply to the
seed, the fruit of the latter kind being generally of larger size, while
both flower and leaf are quite identical.
But there is a good deal of variety in the character of the gúro nut of
each of these two species; and in Kanó four different kinds are
distinguished, according to the size of the fruit; namely, the guríye,
the largest fruit, which often measures an inch and a half, and
sometimes even nearly two inches in diameter, and is sold at a very high
price; secondly, the marsakátu; in the third place, the sára-n-wága; and
fourth, the ménu. But this is not all. There is a further distinction of
three kinds, according to the season when the fruit is gathered: first,
the já-n-karágu, the first gúro, which is collected about the end of
February, but spoils easily, like the takdúf among the dates; secondly,
the gammagári, collected at a later season, when the greater part of the
fruit is ripe, and remaining from three to four months on the tree,
being regarded by the Arabs as corresponding to those kind of dates
called tásfirt; and lastly, there is the náta, the rest of the gúro, and
of small size, which does not spoil.
As for the gúro sold in Timbúktu, I had no opportunity of observing so
many different varieties, but only became aware of three distinctions
being made, viz. the tinóro, or Tíno-úro, “úro” being the corresponding
Songhay name for gúro, and Tíno, or Tína, the name of a district; then
the kind called síga; and thirdly, that called fára-fára.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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