The _C. Calisaya_ species has been divided by Dr. Weddell into two varieties, namely, a _vera_ and β _Josephiana_. The former, when growing under favourable circumstances, is a tall tree, often larger round than twice a man's girth, with its leafy head rising above all the other trees of the forest. The leaves are oblong or lanceolate-obovate, pitted in the axils of the veins, with a shining green surface, and reddish veins. The flowers, which hang in large panicles, are a rosy-white colour, with laciniæ rose-colour, and bordered by marginal white hairs. The capsule is smooth, and about twice as long as broad. This tree grows on declivities, and steep rugged places of the mountains, from 4900 to 5900 feet above the sea, in the forests of Enquisivi, Capaulican, Apollobamba, and Larecaja in Bolivia, and of Caravaya in Peru. The trunk may be known by the periderm of the bark, sometimes of a greyish-white, sometimes brown or blackish, being always marked by longitudinal ridges or cracks, a characteristic remarked of no other tree of these forests, excepting one or two of the same family. The taste is strongly bitter, which is apparent directly the tip of the tongue touches it, and, when the exterior receives a cut, a yellow gummy resinous matter exudes from it. The bark comes off with great ease, like peeling a mushroom, while, in the inferior kinds, and above all in the false chinchonas, it strips transversely, and with much greater difficulty. A good tree yields 150 to 175 pounds of dried bark. The other variety of _C. Calisaya_, called _ychu cascarilla_, or _cascarilla del pajonal_, by the natives, was named _Josephiana_ by Dr. Weddell after the unfortunate French botanist Joseph de Jussieu. It is a shrub, not attaining a greater height than six and a half to ten feet, and growing on open grassy slopes, at much higher elevations than the tree _Calisaya_. There is another tree variety with a somewhat darker leaf, which Dr. Weddell classed as a distinct species, and called _C. Boliviana_ in 1849, but which he now considers to be a mere variety of _C. Calisaya_. The other good kinds in the forests of Bolivia and Caravaya are _C. micrantha_, and two varieties of _C. ovata_. Dr. Weddell brought seeds of _C. Calisaya_ to Paris, which were raised in the Jardin des Plantes in 1848, and others in the garden of the Horticultural Society in London, where one of the plants flowered.[83] Many of these plants were given away, and some of them were sent by the Dutch Government to Java. Plants of _C. Calisaya_ are now flourishing in India. The yield of quinine for the best kinds of _calisaya_ bark is 3.8 per cent., that for the _Josephiana_ variety 3.29.[84] Arica and Islay are the ports for the shipment of _calisaya_ bark; and in 1859 the quantity and value exported were:--