Journey from Bombay to Malcolm-penth--The Mahabaleshwur hills--The village and its temples--Elevation of the hills--Formation--Soil --Climate--Vegetation--Sites for chinchona-plantations--Paunchgunny --Waee--Its temples--The babool-tree--Shirwul--The village system --Village officials--Barra-balloota--Cultivators--Festivals--Crops and harvests--Poona--The Bhore ghaut--Return to Bombay 458 CHAPTER XXVIII. Cultivation of the chinchona-plants in the Neilgherry hills, under the superintendence of Mr. McIvor 483 CHAPTER XXIX. CHINCHONA CULTIVATION. Ceylon--Sikkim--Bhotan--Khassya hills--Pegu--Jamaica--Conclusion 509 APPENDIX A. General Miller and the Foreign Officers who served in the Patriot Armies of Chile and Peru, between 1817 and 1830 521 APPENDIX B. Botanical descriptions of the genus Chinchona, and of the species of Chinchonæ now growing in India and Ceylon 530 APPENDIX C. Notes on the principal plants employed in India on account of their real or supposed febrifuge virtues: by Alexander Smith, Esq. 546 APPENDIX D. Report, by Mr. McIvor, on the cultivation of Chinchona-plants in Southern India 566 APPENDIX E. Note on the export-trade in Peruvian bark from the South American ports, and on the import-trade into England 571 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE Chinchona-plants at Ootacamund _Frontispiece_. Chinchona Micrantha _to face_ 32 Arequipa " 75 Arequipa Cathedral " 76 A Cholo of Arequipa 87 Balsa on Lake Titicaca 107 The Towers of Sillustani _to face_ 111 Genealogical Table of the Family of the Incas of Peru " 134 The Sondor-huasi, at Azangaro " 193 Chinchona Nitida Trees " 323 Chinchona Chahuarguera " 329 Canoe on the Beypoor river 520 Capsules and parts of the flower of Chinchona Chahuarguera--magnified and natural size 532 Capsule and parts of the flower of Chinchona Succirubra 534