Dr. Anderson, who is in charge of the Chinchona cultivation in Bengal, brought the plants to the Darjeeling Hills early in May 1862. He then had 84 plants of _C. succirubra_, 44 of _C. micrantha_, 48 of _C. nitida_, 2 of _C. Peruviana_, 5 of _C. Calisaya_, and 53 of _C. Pahudiana_. On July 26th these had been increased, by layers and cuttings, to 140 of _C. succirubra_, 53 of _C. nitida_, 43 of _C. micrantha_, 7 of _C. Calisaya_, and 3 of _C. Peruviana_. _See page 512._ * * * * * LATEST INTELLIGENCE FROM CEYLON. On July 29th, 1862, Mr. Thwaites had raised 960 young plants of _C. Condaminea_ from seeds. At the same date the plants of _C. succirubra_ were thriving admirably, several being planted out in the hill garden, and a few at Peradenia. The other species were doing well, and Mr. Thwaites was propagating as fast as possible from cuttings. _See page 509._ * * * * * C. PAHUDIANA.--THE DUTCH SPECIES. The _C. Pahudiana_, which forms the bulk of the Java plantations, is now generally acknowledged to be worthless. A tree of this species has been chemically analyzed by Professors G. F. Mülder and F. A. W. Miquel, and, in consequence of the joint report of these gentlemen, the Dutch Government have determined to put an entire stop to its cultivation. _See page 56. See letter from M. Hasskarl, dated May 23rd, 1862._ TRAVELS IN PERU. CHAPTER I. DISCOVERY OF PERUVIAN BARK. The Countess of Chinchon--Introduction of the use of bark into Europe--M. La Condamine's first description of a _Chinchona_-tree--J. de Jussieu--Description of the Chinchona region--The different valuable species--The discovery of quinine. THE whole world, and especially all tropical countries where intermittent fevers prevail, have long been indebted to the mountainous forests of the Andes for that inestimable febrifuge which has now become indispensable, and the demand for which is rapidly increasing, while the supply decreases, throughout all civilized countries. There is probably no drug which is more valuable to man than the febrifugal alkaloid which is extracted from the chinchona-trees of South America; and few greater blessings could be conferred on the human race than the naturalization of these trees in India, and other congenial regions, so as to render the supply more certain, cheaper, and more abundant.