Travels in Western Africa in 1845 & 1846, Volume 1 (of 2): comprising a journey from Whydah through the Kingdom of Dahomey to Adofoodia in the interiorDuncan, John
History
Travels in Western Africa in 1845 & 1846, Volume 1 (of 2): comprising a journey from Whydah through the Kingdom of Dahomey to Adofoodia in the interior
Duncan, John
Africa, West -- Description and travel; Benin -- Description and travel
A short description of the shea butter-tree and plant may interest some
of my readers. This tree has much of the character of the laurel, but
grows to the height of eighteen or twenty feet. Its leaf is somewhat
longer than the laurel, and is a little broader at the point; the edges
of the leaf are gently curved, and are of a dark sap green colour. The
nut is of the form and size of a pigeon’s egg, and when ripe is of a
dun or light brown colour. The substance of the shell is about that of
an egg, and the kernel completely fills the shell. When new it is of a
white drab colour, but if long kept becomes the colour of chocolate.
The kernel, when new, is nearly all butter, which is extracted in the
following manner:--The shell is crushed from the kernel, which is
also crushed, and then a quantity is put into an earthen pot or pan,
placed over the fire with a portion of water and the nut kernels. After
boiling slowly about half an hour the whole is strained through a
grass mat into a clean vessel, when it is allowed to cool. Then, after
straining the fibrous part from it, it is put into a grass bag and
pressed so as to obtain all the oil or butter. This is poured into the
first vessel along with the first-mentioned portion, and when cold is
about the consistence of butter.
The nuts hang in bunches from the different boughs, but each nut
has its own fibre, about seven or eight inches long, and about the
thickness and colour of whip-cord. The nut is attached to the fibre
in a very singular manner. The end of the fibre is concealed by a
thin membrane about half an inch wide and three quarters of an inch
long. This membrane is attached to the side of the nut, and when ripe
relinquishes its hold, and the nut falls to the ground, when it is
gathered for use. A good-sized healthy tree will yield about a bushel
of nuts, but the greater number are not so prolific. The trees close
to the stream present a more healthy appearance, probably on account
of being better watered, and the fire being less powerful close to the
stream.
Besides the shea butter-tree, there are many other beautiful trees,
amongst which I observed the tamarind, the quashie, and different
species of the mimosa, and running plants. The aloe is also in great
abundance here, and in seed.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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