=D.= Leaves smaller and much clustered at the tips of the flowering branches 6. =C.= Leaves not conspicuously cordate at base. (=E.=) =E.= Leaves clustered at the tips of the flowering branches 7. =E.= Leaves scattered along the branches. (=F.=) =F.= Base of leaf abrupt 3, 4. =F.= Base of leaf tapering. (=G.=) =G.= Leaves quite large, about 1 ft. long; a very erect growing tree 8. =G.= Leaves smaller, medium thick, glossy above 2. medium thin (5 to 10 in. long) 3. [Illustration: M. grandiflòra.] 1. =Magnòlia grandiflòra=, L. (LARGE-FLOWERED MAGNOLIA. SOUTHERN EVERGREEN MAGNOLIA.) Leaves evergreen, thick, oval-oblong; upper surface glossy, under surface somewhat rusty. Flowers large, 6 to 10 in. wide, white, fragrant. In spring. Fruit oval, 3 to 4 in. long, ripe in October. Seeds scarlet. Splendid evergreen tree (50 to 80 ft.) in the Southern States; half hardy, and reduced to a shrub (10 to 20 ft.) when cultivated in the Middle States. [Illustration: M. glaùca.] 2. =Magnòlia glaùca=, L. (SWEET-BAY. SWAMP-MAGNOLIA.) Leaves quite thick, oblong-oval, obtuse, smooth and glossy above, white or rusty pubescent beneath; evergreen in the Southern States. Leaf-buds silky. Flowers globular, white, and very fragrant. June to August. Fruit about 1½ in. long, ripe in autumn. Shrub, 4 to 20 ft. high, in the swamps of the Atlantic States from Massachusetts southward. Slender tree, 15 to 30 ft. high, when cultivated in good damp soil. [Illustration: M. acuminàta.] 3. =Magnòlia acuminàta=, L. (CUCUMBER-TREE.) Leaves thin, green above, paler beneath, oblong, usually pointed at both ends, 5 to 10 in. long. Leaf-buds silky. Flowers pale yellowish-green, 3 in. wide, late in spring. Fruit irregular-oblong (2 to 3 in. long), rose-colored when ripe, with a few hard, bony, black seeds, coated with red pulp, ripe in autumn. Large (50 to 90 ft.) noble forest tree, wild in western New York and southward. Wood rather soft, yellowish-white, quite durable, and extensively used for pump logs. Occasionally cultivated; fine for avenues. [Illustration: M. cordàta.] 4. =Magnòlia cordàta=, Michx. (YELLOW CUCUMBER-TREE.) Leaves broadly ovate or oval, rarely cordate at base, smooth above, white-downy beneath, 4 to 6 in. long. Flowers lemon-yellow slightly streaked with red. June. Fruit nearly 3 in. long, red when ripe in autumn. A rather small, broad-headed tree (20 to 50 ft.), wild in the Southern States, but hardy as far north as Boston; not often cultivated. Probably an upland variety of the preceding. [Illustration: M. macrophýlla.]