Morals among the Ancients—Moral Precepts common to all Communities —Evolution of Ethics—Early Christian Morals—Spirit of the Reformation—Low Moral Condition of the Eighteenth Century—Birth of a New Moral Epoch—A National Conscience—Abolition of Slavery —Larger Application of the Principles of Right and Justice—How Women are affected—Effect of Invention and Education on Social and Moral Conditions—Broadening of Woman’s Sphere—Increase of Self-respect—Influence of Women on Moral Status—Legislation and Morals—How to meet Ethical Problems—Business Success and the Moral State—Rights and Duties of Capital and Labor—Cruelties of War and Blessings of Peace—The Century’s Moral Gain—Changed Treatment of Vice and Poverty—The Principle of Well-doing— Growth of Tolerance and Altruism—A Higher Individual and Public Conscience 261–270 PROGRESS OF SANITARY SCIENCE Hygienic Code of Moses—Hippocrates and Disease—Sanitation and Sanitary Science—Foundation Rules—Spirit of Scientific Investigation—Effect of Act of Parliament of 1837—Value of Official Figures—The Riddle of Samson—Health Reports in United States—Duty of Separate States—Mortality in London of Filth Diseases—Progress of Sanitation—Diminution of Scourges —Effect of Sanitation upon the Weak and Helpless—Value of Culture Tubes—Discovery of Disease Causes—Of Trichinæ in Pork —Communicable Diseases caused by Living Organisms—Infectious and Contagious Diseases—Uses of Biology in Sanitary Science— Purification of Waters—Of Consumption and Cholera—Effects of Filtration—What Bacteria are—Of Isolation and Disinfection— Modern Quarantines—Fumigation of Ships—Lowering of Death Rates —Influence of the Sanitarium—Improved Construction of Dwellings —Care for Paving and Sewage—Disposal of Refuse—Of Food Inspection—State Boards of Health—Care of Employees—Of Play and Athletic Grounds—Public Breathing Spaces—Duty of Caring for Personal Health—Bearing of Public Health on Community and Nation 271–282 THE CENTURY’S ARMIES AND ARMS