I. WARS OF THE UNITED STATES:—First War with Barbary States— Indian Wars—War of 1812—Battles by Land and Sea—Exploits on the Lakes—Victory of New Orleans—Second War with Barbary States —The Mexican War—General Taylor’s Victories—Siege of Vera Cruz—General Scott’s March and Battles—Capture of Mexico— Results of the War—The Civil War, 1861–65—Secession of States —Calling out the Armies—Building of the Navies—The First Battles—Operations in 1862—Battles of 1863—The Emancipation Proclamation—The Turning Point at Gettysburg—Opening of the Mississippi—Chickamauga and Missionary Ridge—Battles of 1864 —Appomattox and Surrender—The Spanish-American War—Its Causes—Destruction of Spanish Fleet in Manila Bay—Destruction of Cervera’s Fleet—Capitulation of Santiago—Invasion of Porto Rico. II. FOREIGN WARS:—Wars of Napoleon—Battle of Marengo —Treaty of Amiens—Third Coalition against France—Battle of Austerlitz—Nelson’s Victory at Trafalgar—Wars of the Fourth Coalition—Wars of the Fifth Coalition—Wars of the Sixth Coalition—Battle of Waterloo—Final Defeat of Napoleon—Greek Wars for Independence—Battle of Navarino—Greek Independence— French Revolution of 1830—Polish Insurrection—England’s Wars in India—French Republic of 1848—Hungarian Wars for Independence —Italian Wars—The Crimean War—Sebastopol and Balaklava— Peace of Paris—The Indian Mutiny—Wars of the Alliance against Austria—Battle of Solferino—Danish Wars—Wars for German Unity—Verdict of Sadowa—The Franco-Prussian War—Siege and Capture of Paris—The French Republic—The Turco-Russian War— Chino-Japanese War—Greco-Turkish War—Interference of the Powers —Wars in the Soudan—Review of the Century’s Martial Results 375–420 THE CENTURY’S FAIRS AND EXPOSITIONS The Primitive Fair—Growth and Influence of Fairs—Their History in Different Countries—Of Agricultural Fairs, Societies, and Institutes—Their Origin and Purpose—National and State Agricultural Departments—Sanitary Fairs—Special Exhibitions —Evolution of International Expositions—The First World’s Exposition at London—Expositions at Dublin, Paris, New York— Continental Expositions—Second and Third Expositions at London and Paris—The Vienna Exposition—The Centennial at Philadelphia —Description of Subsequent Expositions at Atlanta, Louisville, New Orleans, Chicago, Nashville, and Omaha—The American Commercial Museums 421–442 THE CENTURY’S PROGRESS IN COINAGE, CURRENCY, AND BANKING