History of Oregon--First discoverers--Changes of government-- Recognition as a Territory--Entrance as a State--Individual histories--"Jottings"--"Sitting around"--A pioneer in Benton County--How to serve Indian thieves--The white squaw and the chief--Immigration in company--Rafting on the Columbia--The first winter--Early settlement--Indian friends--Indian houses and customs--The Presbyterian colony--The start--Across the plains-- Arrival in Oregon--The "whaler" settler--A rough journey--"Ho for the Umpqua!"--A backwoodsman--Compliments--School-teacher provided for--Uncle Lazarus--Rogue River Cañon--Valley of Death--Pleasant homes--Changed circumstances. 183 CHAPTER XVII. State and county elections--The Chinese question--Chinese house-servants--Washermen--Laborers--A large camp--Supper--Chinese trading--The scissors--Cost of Chinese labor--Its results--Chinese treaties--Household servants--Chee and his mistress--"Heap debble-y in there"--The photo album--Temptation--A sin and its reward--Good advice on whipping--Chung and the crockery--Chinese New Year--Gifts-- "Hoodlums"--Town police--Opium. 201 CHAPTER XVIII. Life in the town--Sociables--Religious sects--Sabbath-schools-- Christmas festivities--Education, how far compulsory--Colleges-- Student-life and education--Common schools--Teachers' institutes-- Newspapers--Patent outsides-"The Oregonian"--Other journals--Charities --Paupers--Secret societies. 209 CHAPTER XIX. Industries other than farming--Iron-ores--Coal--Coos Bay mines-- Seattle mines--Other deposits--Lead and copper--Limestone--Marbles-- Gold, where found and worked--Silver, where found and worked--Gold in sea-sand--Timber--Its area and distribution--Spars--Lumber--Size of trees--Hard woods--Cost of production and sale of lumber--Tanneries --Woolen-mills--Flax-works--Invitation to Irish--Salmon--Statistics of the trade--Methods--Varieties of salmon--When and where caught-- Salmon-poisoning of dogs--Indians fishing--Traps--Salmon-smoking. 219 CHAPTER XX. Eastern Oregon--Going "east of the mountains"--Its attractions-- Encroaching sheep--First experiments in agriculture and planting-- General description of Eastern Oregon--Boundaries--Alkaline plains-- Their productions--The valleys--Powder River Valley--Description-- The Snake River and its tributaries--The Malheur Valley--Harney Lake Valley--Its size--Productions--Wild grasses--Hay-making--The winters in Eastern Oregon--Wagon-roads--Prineville--Silver Creek--Grindstone Creek Valley--Crooked River--Settlers' descriptions and experiences-- Ascent of the Cascades going west--Eastern Oregon towns--Baker City--Prineville--Warnings to settlers--Growing wheat for the railroads to carry. 231 CHAPTER XXI.