Crime -- Great Britain; Criminals -- Great Britain; Executions and executioners; Tyburn gallows (London, England)
Twelve years later, in 1626, we find evidence fixing for the first time
the exact site of the gallows. On June 26th of this year, Henrietta
Maria, after a day spent in devotion, went with her attendants through
St. James’s Park to Hyde Park. Whether by accident or design she went
towards Tyburn. Charles hated the Queen’s French suite, secured to her by
treaty. Within six months of the marriage he had resolved to be rid of
them. The courtiers made the most of the visit to Tyburn; it was averred
that the Queen’s confessor had made her walk barefoot to the gallows,
“thereby to honour the saint of the day in visiting that holy place,
where so many martyrs (forsooth) had shed their blood in the Catholic
cause.” The incident, thus exaggerated, brought matters to a head. Sixty
of the Queen’s attendants were compelled to embark for France. The French
King was naturally indignant at this violation of his sister’s rights: a
war might have arisen out of the quarrel. This was averted by the skill
of Maréchal de Bassompierre, sent over as Ambassador Extraordinary.
Charles appointed Commissioners to discuss matters with the Marshal. The
Commissioners expressed the charge in these terms: The Queen’s attendants
abused the influence they had over the susceptible and religious mind of
the Queen to lead her by a long road, across a park, which the Comte de
Tilliers, her chamberlain, had taken measures to keep open, in order to
take her to the place where it is the custom to execute the most infamous
malefactors and criminals of all kinds, the place being at the entrance
of a high road; an act which tended to bring shame and ridicule not
only on the Queen herself, but also reproach and evil speaking against
former kings of glorious memory, as though accusing them of tyranny in
having put to death innocent persons that those people regard as martyrs,
whereas, on the contrary, not one of them was executed on account of
religion, but for treason in the highest degree.
Marshal de Bassompierre replied with remarkable frankness: “I know of
a surety,” he said, “that you do not believe that which you publish to
others.” He declared that the Queen had not been within fifty paces
of the gallows. He repeats the description of the place as at the
entrance of a high road. It is not necessary to follow the discussion
further.[104]
[Illustration: THE RUINS OF FARLEIGH CASTLE. [_p._ 124.]
[Illustration: THE TRIPLE TREE IN 1712.]
The words “the entrance of a high road” fix definitely the spot
indicated, approximately, by Norden’s map. Even without the map, then
unknown to me, I felt abundantly justified in writing that the words
applied to a road leading out of the road bounding Hyde Park: “This can
be no other than the road now known as Edgeware Road: along the whole
length of the park there is no other road to which the words could
apply.”[105]
In 1626 we have also the mention of “the three wooden stilts” of Tyburn,
in Shirley’s “The Wedding,” published in 1629.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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