Philadelphia 49 Pennsylvania (outside of Philadelphia) 6 New York City 22 Albany, New York 1 Delaware 4 Virginia 7 New Jersey 2 Maryland 4 District of Columbia (Washington and Georgetown) 2 Connecticut 1 Massachusetts (Concord) 1 Georgia 1 Augusta (state not given; probably Georgia) 1 Tennessee (Knoxville) 1 Location not given 12 In 1811 Binney invented an improved type mold which increased the output of the caster fifty per cent and saved labor. He experimented with a machine for rubbing type, but in this was not successful. In 1812 Binney & Ronaldson published a specimen book which is interesting as showing the development of their business. This book shows eleven faces larger than pica, fifteen kinds of body type, the smallest being pearl (5 point), two sizes of Anglo-Saxon, four sizes of Greek, four sizes of Hebrew, two sizes of German text, six sizes of black letter, three sizes of German, four sizes of Oriental letter, one size of script and 120 kinds of “flowers” or borders, the greatest number of these being on English (14-point) body. It is not unlikely that some if not all of the foreign letters may have come from the Franklin and Mappa stocks. We know that Franklin had Greek and Hebrew and that Mappa had German. Mappa’s Orientals did not appear. Probably even if Binney & Ronaldson still had the matrices it would not have been worth while to include them in their specimen book. The preface says that they were obliged, contrary to their inclinations, to imitate European taste. Evidently America had not yet become independent except politically. They gave two examples of erroneously formed faces in long primer and small pica, which were really condensed faces as we should now call them. They appear to have invented the dollar mark $ in 1797 and the abbreviation l̶b̶ for weight pounds in 1798. In 1819 Mr. Binney retired with an ample competence. Mr. Ronaldson ran the business alone for a while, but in 1823 he was succeeded by his brother Richard, who conducted the business for ten years.