U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul OperationMontross, Lynn
History
U.S. Marine Operations in Korea, 1950-1953, Volume 2 (of 5): The Inchon-Seoul Operation
Montross, Lynn
Korean War, 1950-1953 -- Campaigns; United States. Marine Corps -- History -- Korean War, 1950-1953
Although 1/1 and 3/1 did not reach their portion of the objective until
later in the day, Division Headquarters realized by midmorning that
enemy resistance as far out as the O-3 Line could be discounted. Now
that the tremendous obstacles of the actual landing had been overcome,
the tactical advantage of the moment swung from the Red commander at
Seoul to General Smith. Owing to the conformation of the Inchon and
Munhang Peninsulas, which were linked together inland like Siamese
twins, the O-3 Line formed a front three miles long with both flanks
bounded by water. A glance at the map will show the beachhead thus
set off as an ideal foothold. To North Koreans thinking in terms of
counterattack, the vacuum rapidly being filled by the Landing Force was
a defensible bottleneck. To the Marines, on the other hand, it was the
gateway to freedom of maneuver for an overland offensive.
_Advance to the Force Beachhead Line_
Opening the gate was the subject of General Smith’s OpnO 4-50, issued
by dispatch at 1045, D-plus 1. He directed Puller and Murray to
continue the attack from the O-3 Line, seized the Force Beachhead
Line (FBHL), and thereby conclude the assault phase of the amphibious
operation. The order also marked off a new Tactical Bomb Line,[191]
behind which Marine Air was forbidden to strike without ground
coordination.
[191] The first bomb line corresponded to the FBHL, and Corps
Phase Line AA was the equivalent of the O-2 Line.
Roughly the shape of a right angle, the FBHL corresponded to X Corps
Phase Line BB. Like the O-3 arc, it was anchored on the sea at both
ends. The east-west leg of the angle, five miles long, lay above and
almost parallel to the Inchon-Seoul Highway. The north-south leg, about
seven miles inland, added a third projection, the Namdong Peninsula,
to the beachhead. Encompassing the built-up centers of Ascom City and
Mahang-ri on the main road, the apex of the FBHL pointed northeast
toward Kimpo Airfield like an arrowhead.
[Illustration: MARINE ATTACKS
D-PLUS 1]
The Inchon-Seoul Highway remained the boundary between the 1st and
5th Marines. Lieutenant Colonel Murray’s order went out to the latter
before noon, directing a two-pronged assault. The 2d Battalion would
jump off from the O-3 Line and trace the course of the highway,
clearing the hills and villages on the left. Simultaneously, the 3d
was to swing sharply northward from behind 2/5 and attack high ground
overlooking the east-west leg of the FBHL. The 1st Battalion would
remain in regimental reserve.[192]
[192] 1st MarDiv _SAR_, Annex Queen Queen.
Public-domain text, read in full here on John Shaqi.
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